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. 2022 May 1;8(5):280. doi: 10.3390/gels8050280

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Illustration of preparation process of PNIPAM-ECH with Na⁺ served as conductive filler. Copyright from Ref. [128] ACS publications. (b) Illustration preparation process of PNIPAM-ECH with clay and Na⁺ served as conductive filler. Copyright from Ref. [77] ACS publications.