Figure 3.

Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats during dapagliflozin treatment. A: comparison of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of dapagliflozin- and vehicle-treated rats at 2-h intervals. B: calculated fall (dip) of systolic blood pressure in the inactive period. C–E: cosinor analysis of circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure showing the mezor (C), acrophase (D), and amplitude (E) in dapagliflozin- and vehicle-treated rats. Each point in the graphs in B−E represents parameters of average 1-h blood pressure. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. NS, normal-salt diet.