Table 1.

Parameter estimates for the COVID-19 epidemics in Ontario, Canada.

Parameter	Definition	Estimated Mean Value	Standard Deviation	Data Source
β11	Contact rate between S1 and A1	2.1772 × 10−8	1.708 × 10−9	Fitted
β13	Contact rate between S1 and A2	4.8079 × 10−7	3.5895 × 10−8	Fitted
ω	Transition rate from S1 to V	3.7286 × 10−2	4.3604 × 10−3	Fitted
${\beta }_{11}^v$	Contact rate between V and A1	5.5607 × 10−7	2.4585 × 10−8	Fitted
${\beta }_{13}^v$	Contact rate between V and A2	1.4986 × 10−8	1.1856 × 10−9	Fitted
ε	Contact rate reduction between V and Ai/Ui	0.96783	4.423 × 10−3	Fitted
μ1	Transition rate from E1 to A1/U1/I1	1/3	−	Li et al. (2020)
μ2	Transition rate from E2 to A2/U2/I2	1/3	−	Li et al. (2020)
ρ1	Proportionality of transferred Ei to Ai	0.3	−	Nishiura et al. (2020)
ρ2	Proportionality of transferred Ei to Ui	0.3	−	Nishiura et al. (2020)
ηi1	Recovery rate of Ai	1/7	−	Liu et al. (2020a, 2020b)
ηi2	Recovery rate of Ui	1/7	−	Liu et al. (2020a, 2020b)
ηi3	Recovery rate of Ii	1/7	−	Liu et al. (2020a, 2020b)
τi	Transition rate from Ui to Ii	0.21739	−	Liu et al. (2020a, 2020b)
δ1	Disease death rate of I1	1.0928 × 10−5	6.1912 × 10−7	Fitted
β21	Contact rate between S2 and A2	4.079 × 10−9	3.765 × 10−10	Fitted
β23	Contact rate between S2 and A1	7.0164 × 10−8	2.5621 × 10−9	Fitted
δ2	Disease death rate of I2	2.9753 × 10−6	4.1384 × 10−7	Fitted
Initial Value	Definition	Estimated Mean Value	Standard Deviation	Data Source
S1(0)	Initial susceptible population of group-1	2.5117 × 106	−	Age stratified data of COVID (2021)
V(0)	Initial vaccinated population	9.8651 × 106	−	Age stratified data of COVID (2021)
E1(0)	Initial exposed population of group-1	912.8571	−	Fitted
A1(0)	Initial asymptomatic population of group-1	678.83	63.497	Fitted
U1(0)	Initial unreported population of group-1	42.791	4.3679	Fitted
I1(0)	Initial reported case number of group-1	200	−	Age stratified data of COVID (2021)
S2(0)	Initial susceptible population of group-2	1.7513 × 106	−	Age stratified data of COVID (2021)
E2(0)	Initial exposed population of group-2	287.1429	−	Fitted
A2(0)	Initial asymptomatic population of group-2	165.88	15.296	Fitted
U2(0)	Initial unreported population of group-2	184.81	32.996	Fitted
I2(0)	Initial reported case number of group-2	18	−	Age stratified data of COVID (2021)