Table 4.
Coefficients from regression models of each religious dimension (summarised by the mean) as a predictor of life expectancy at age 20 (LE20) and healthy life expectancy at age 20 (HLE20), unadjusted and adjusted, for 41 countries (significant associations in bold)
| Dimension | Sex | Model 1* | p value | Model 2* | p value | Model 3* | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||||
| LE20** | |||||||
| Attendance | M | − 0.67 (− 2.58, 1.24) | 0.48 | − 0.50 (− 2.47, 1.48) | 0.61 | − 1.38 (− 4.19, 1.44) | 0.33 |
| F | − 0.97 (− 2.25, 0.31) | 0.13 | − 0.88 (− 2.13, 0.38) | 0.16 | − 1.07 (− 2.66, 0.53) | 0.18 | |
| Prayer | M | − 0.66 (− 2.02, 0.71) | 0.33 | − 0.48 (− 1.86, 0.90) | 0.49 | − 0.94 (− 2.69, 0.81) | 0.28 |
| F | − 0.94 (− 1.84, − 0.05) | 0.04 | − 1.13 (− 2.03, − 0.24) | 0.01 | − 1.56 (− 2.68, − 0.44) | 0.01 | |
| Importance of religion | M | − 0.45 (− 1.08, 0.18) | 0.15 | − 0.30 (− 0.99, 0.38) | 0.37 | − 0.64 (− 1.54, 0.27) | 0.16 |
| F | − 0.58 (− 1.01, − 0.15) | 0.01 | − 0.67 (− 1.12, − 0.22) | < 0.01 | − 0.94 (− 1.49, − 0.39) | < 0.01 | |
| Belief in God | M | − 1.32 (− 3.77, 1.14) | 0.29 | − 0.97 (− 3.57, 1.62) | 0.45 | − 2.03 (− 5.41, 1.36) | 0.23 |
| F | − 1.62 (− 3.53, 0.28) | 0.09 | − 1.93 (− 3.95, 0.09) | 0.06 | − 2.64 (− 5.27, − 0.02) | 0.05 | |
| HLE20** | |||||||
| Attendance | M | − 0.32 (− 4.04, 3.41) | 0.86 | − 0.28 (− 4.20, 3.64) | 0.88 | − 1.80 (− 7.41, 3.81) | 0.52 |
| F | − 3.12 (− 7.15, 0.90) | 0.12 | − 2.88 (− 7.00, 1.25) | 0.17 | − 4.93 (− 10.09, 0.22) | 0.06 | |
| Prayer | M | − 1.03 (− 3.77, 1.71) | 0.45 | − 0.95 (− 3.79, 1.90) | 0.50 | − 2.13 (− 5.72, 1.47) | 0.24 |
| F | − 2.85 (− 5.73, 0.04) | 0.05 | − 3.37 (− 6.43, − 0.32) | 0.03 | − 5.52 (− 9.20, − 1.84) | < 0.01 | |
| Importance of religion | M | − 0.61 (− 1.87, 0.64) | 0.33 | − 0.48 (− 1.85, 0.89) | 0.48 | − 1.20 (− 3.02, 0.62) | 0.19 |
| F | − 1.72 (− 3.09, − 0.35) | 0.02 | − 1.93 (− 3.45, − 0.41) | 0.01 | − 3.24 (− 5.06, − 1.42) | < 0.01 | |
| Belief in God | M | − 2.12 (− 6.99, 2.76) | 0.38 | − 2.20 (− 7.43, 3.02) | 0.40 | − 4.97 (− 11.71, 1.76) | 0.14 |
| F | − 5.61 (− 11.62, 0.39) | 0.07 | − 6.57 (− 13.22, 0.08) | 0.05 | − 11.41 (− 19.66, − 3.15) | 0.01 | |
*Model 1: unadjusted, Model 2: adjusted for education level and Gini coefficient, Model 3: adjusted for education level, Gini coefficient and index of religious diversity
**Standard regression models for LE20; meta-regression models for HLE20