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. 2022 May 27;2:60. doi: 10.1038/s43856-022-00122-7

Fig. 4. Impact of penile circumcision status on cervico-vaginal soluble immune factor changes after condomless sex.

Fig. 4

Participants were divided into uncircumcised (N = 16), and circumcised (N = 13) groups based on circumcision status of the male partners. The change (Δ) in the concentration of cytokines 1 h and 72 h after condomless sex relative to baseline was defined in each group and is shown on the y-axis. a Δ IL-1α (pg/ml). b Δ IP-10 (pg/ml). c Δ MIG (pg/ml). d Δ sE-cadherin (pg/ml). e Δ IL-6 (pg/ml). f Δ IL-8 (pg/ml). g Δ MIP-1β (pg/ml). h Δ MIP-3α. i Δ IL-17 (pg/ml). j Δ IFNα2a (pg/ml). k Δ MMP9 (pg/ml). Statistical comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.