Table 5.

Formaldehyde, benzene, PAHs, and TVOC concentration differences by place (ug/m³)

Materials	Place∗	N	AM	SD	GM	GSD	Min	Median	Max	p
Formaldehyde†	Indoor	46	6.47	4.42	1.98	1.52	0.06	5.76	18.52	0.00§
	Outdoor	26	2.66	1.88	1	6.09	0.00‖	2.03	6.88
Benzene‡	Indoor	46	11.94	8.57	2.59	1.46	0.52	10.95	50.29	0.46
	Outdoor	26	10.46	7.11	2.26	1.71	0.33	11.57	19.96
PAHs‡(ng/m3)	Indoor	46	371.95	446.32	10.16	1.59	40.76	163.12	1,839.52	0.02§
	Outdoor	26	168.18	151.23	7.91	1.47	27.47	137.25	617.34
TVOC†	Indoor	46	147.03	327.05	6.5	1.64	1.09	95.94	2,237.82	0.7
	Outdoor	26	92.2	71.45	6.19	1.48	4.98	64.27	301.21

※ LOD: Formaldehyde 0.0018ng/ml, Benzene 0.15ng/ml, Treated less than LOD as 1/2 LOD.

^∗Place: Indoor (Grill point and Pot point in cooking room), Outdoor.

^†T-test for two groups.

^‡Mann–Whitney test for two group.

^§p < 0.05.

^‖1/2LOD.