Figure 2.

Flowchart of incident cohort and 1:4 matched cohorts identification

^a Patients were excluded if their dates of death were earlier than their first dates in 2014 with depression-related diagnosis.

^b Prescription records of antidepressant between 2014 and 2019 were extracted to define patients’ TRD status. Antidepressants treatment regimens could be monotherapy or combination treatments with antipsychotics or mood stabilisers.

Abbreviation: MDD – Major depressive disorder; TRD – Treatment-resistant depression.