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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Patient Educ Couns. 2021 Nov 28;105(7):2174–2182. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.11.024

Table 6.

Changes in Secondary Outcomes Across Time in the Intervention Group.

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Paired t-tests Change in Mean Score
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD T1 to T2 T2 to T3 T1 to T3

Mental Health
PHQ9 1. 7 1. 2 1. 5
Intervention 6.62 4 3.92 3 4.17 8 2.67* ns 4.95***
GAD7 5. 1 4.0 3. 9
Intervention 6.38 4 4.07 3 4.71 6 ns ns 2.46*
 Diabetes Self-efficacy 2. 1 1.5 1. 8
Intervention 6.31 4 7.33 7 8.23 0 ns ns 3.78***

ns=not significant

*

p<.05

**

p<.01

***

p<.001

T1=baseline; T2=study midpoint; T3=study end