Table 1. Associations of Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria With Antibiotic With Clinician Characteristics on Bivariable Analysis.
| Characteristic | Treat asymptomatic bacteriuria with antibiotics, No. (%) (N = 551) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 392) | No (n = 159) | ||
| Age, y | |||
| <30 (n = 171) | 108 (63) | 63 (37) | <.001 |
| 30-39 (n = 207) | 142 (69) | 65 (31) | |
| ≥40 (n = 167) | 136 (81) | 31 (19) | |
| Study site | |||
| Portland and Pacific Northwest (n = 112) | 73 (65) | 39 (35) | .15 |
| Baltimore and Mid-Atlantic (n = 303) | 215 (71) | 88 (29) | |
| San Antonio and Texas (n = 136) | 104 (76) | 32 (24) | |
| Degree and training | |||
| MD or DO resident (n = 288) | 180 (63) | 108 (38) | <.001 |
| MD or DO attending (n = 202) | 157 (78) | 45 (22) | |
| NP or PA (n = 61) | 55 (90) | 6 (10) | |
| Specialty (MDs and DOs) | |||
| Internal medicine (n = 335) | 207 (62) | 128 (38) | <.001 |
| Family medicine (n = 142) | 120 (85) | 22 (15) | |
| Other (n = 75) | 65 (17) | 9 (6) | |
| Time in practice since graduation, median (IQR), y | |||
| <3 (n = 238) | 153 (64) | 85 (36) | .001 |
| 3-9 (n = 160) | 116 (73) | 44 (28) | |
| ≥10 (n = 145) | 119 (82) | 26 (18) | |
| Ever sued for malpractice | |||
| Yes (n = 31) | 28 (90) | 3 (10) | .02 |
| No (n = 519) | 363 (70) | 156 (30) | |
| Numeracy score (range, 0-3) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2-3) | 3 (2-3) | .008 |
| Low (score of 0-1 of 3) (n = 64) | 50 (78) | 14 (22) | .03 |
| Medium (score of 2 of 3) (n = 172) | 131 (76) | 41 (24) | |
| High (score of 3 of 3) (n = 305) | 202 (66) | 103 (34) | |
| Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale score (range, 1-7) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 3.00 (2.29-3.57) | 2.57 (2.00-3.29) | .003 |
| Low (score <2.4) (n = 169) | 108 (64) | 60 (36) | .04 |
| Medium (score of 2.3-3.39) (n = 212) | 153 (72) | 59 (28) | |
| High (score ≥3.4) (n = 164) | 126 (77) | 38 (23) | |
| Risk-taking score (range, 6-30, with higher scores indicating risk seeking), median (IQR) | 17 (14-21) | 17 (14-21) | .84 |
| Fear of malpractice (range, 6-30), median (IQR)b | 17 (13-20) | 16 (13-20) | .58 |
| Burnout score (range, 1-5), median (IQR)c | 2 (2-3) | 2 (2-3) | .34 |
| The Revised Physicians’ Reactions to Uncertainty subscale scores, median (IQR) | |||
| Often uncertain in medical practice (range, 1-6)d | 5 (4-6) | 5 (5-6) | .04 |
| Stress from uncertainty (range, 3-18)e | 11 (9-12) | 10 (8-12) | .30 |
| Concern about bad outcomes (range, 3-18)f | 10 (8-13) | 10 (8-12) | .69 |
| Perceived likelihood of patient having a UTI, median (IQR), % probability | 90 (80-100) | 15 (5-30) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: DO, doctor of osteopathy; MD, doctor of medicine; NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant; UTI, urinary tract infection.
a
Test statistic from χ2 or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables and from Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables.
b
Higher scores indicate greater fear of malpractice.
c
Higher scores indicate a greater degree of burnout.
d
In response to the statement “There is often uncertainty in medical practice,” a score of 6 indicates strong agreement, and 1 indicates strong disagreement.
e
Higher scores indicate greater stress from uncertainty.
f
Higher scores indicate greater concern about bad outcomes.