Table 1.

Effect of seed priming and salinity on flavonolignans of milk thistle seed (mg·g⁻¹ DM).

Salinity	Seed Priming	Silymarin	Silybin	Isosilybin	Silydianin	Taxidolin	Silychristin
Non-saline	Control	16.28 ± 1.88 e	9.11 ± 0.22 e	2.21 ± 0.28 h	1.02 ± 0.08 f	0.68 ± 0.10 e	0.96 ± 0.12 d
	Hydro	18.18 ± 0.39 cde	10.13 ± 0.87 de	2.82 ± 0.22 fg	1.12 ± 0.10 f	0.74 ± 0.08 de	0.01 ± 0.10 cd
	Az	17.49 ± 1.66 de	10.08 ± 0.81 de	2.72 ± 0.35 gh	1.28 ± 0.16 def	0.77 ± 0.03 cde	1.08 ± 0.05 cd
	Pi	18.94 ± 0.98 cde	10.49 ± 0.69 cde	2.96 ± 0.21 efg	1.41 ± 0.19 def	0.83 ± 0.05 bcd	1.18 ± 0.17 bcd
60 mM	Control	18.14 ± 2.17 cde	10.65 ± 0.75 cde	2.66 ± 0.10 gh	1.24 ± 0.04	0.75 ± 0.04 de	1.04 ± 0.15 cd
	Hydro	20.63 ± 1.97 bcd	12.06 ± 0.91 bcd	3.84 ± 0.11 cd	1.45 ± 0.21 def	0.95 ± 0.09 bc	1.16 ± 0.11 bcd
	Az	20.96 ± 0.79 bcd	12.18 ± 1.85 bcd	3.51 ± 0.31 de	1.66 ± 0.35 cde	0.91 ± 0.12 bcd	1.24 ± 0.21 bcd
	Pi	21.38 ± 2.90 bc	12.82 ± 0.67 b	3.76 ± 0.33 cd	1.82 ± 0.27 c	1.02 ± 0.11 b	1.37 ± 0.13 b
120 mM	Control	22.31 ± 1.26 b	12.47 ± 0.87 bc	3.38 ± 0.54 def	1.72 ± 0.32 cd	0.98 ± 0.04 b	1.27 ± 0.12 bc
	Hydro	27.44 ± 1.92 a	16.01 ± 1.48 a	4.24 ± 0.14 bc	2.36 ± 0.31 b	1.37 ± 0.11 a	1.68 ± 0.25 a
	Az	28.05 ± 2.16 a	16.43 ± 2.07 a	4.56 ± 0.37 ab	2.71 ± 0.29 ab	1.41 ± 0.14 a	1.79 ± 0.06 a
	Pi	29.84 ± 2.64 a	17.52 ± 1.71 a	4.83 ± 0.45 a	2.84 ± 0.36 a	1.52 ± 0.22 a	1.94 ± 0.20 a

The same letter within each column indicates no significant difference among treatments (p ≤ 0.05) using New Duncan’s test. Values mean of four replicates ± SD. Hydro: hydro-priming, Az: Azotobacter chroococcum and Pi: Piriformospora indica.