Figure 1.

Assessment of C. jejuni reduction in chickens by pre-colonization with oxidative stress defense mutants, including ΔahpC, ΔkatA, and ΔsodB. The figures show the colonization levels of total C. jejuni, including WT and the mutants (A), and mutants only (B). Day-old chicks were administered with the mutants on day three and challenged with wild type (C. jejuni NCTC 11168) on day 10. Median values are indicated with lines. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, and ****: p < 0.0001). The dotted line is the detection limit.