AGE	advanced glycation end-products
Akt	serine/threonine kinase B
AP	alkaline phosphatase
ASU	avocado and soybean unsaponifiables
BA	Boswellia acid
COPD	chronic destructive pulmonary disease
COX	cyclooxygenase
CS	chondroitin sulfate
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGCG	epigallochatechin-3-gallate
ESWT	extracorporeal shock wave therapy
FOXO1	forkhead box protein O1
GLU	glucosamine
GPCR	G-protein-coupled receptor
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HOPro	hydroxyproline
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IκBα	NF-κB inhibitor alpha
IKK	IκB kinase
IL	interleukin
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
JAK	Janus kinase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPKK	MAPK kinase
MAPKKK	MAPKK kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells
NSAIDs	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OA	osteoarthritis
PAF	platelet activating factor
Pcna	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
PI3K	phosphoinositide-3-kinase
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RANKL	receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Timp1	tissue inhibitor of MMP1
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TLR	toll-like receptor
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor