Table 3.
CnTX subfamilies targeting voltage-gated potassium (KV) channel subtypes, functional impact, and pathophysiological activity.
| Species | CnTX Subfamilies | Channel Subunit Targeted | Functional Impact | Pathophysiological Activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. striatus | kA-SIVA | KV | block | spastic paralytic symptoms | [98] |
| C. purpurascens | K-PVIIA | KV1.3 | inhibition | therapeutics for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and dermatitis |
[99,100] |
| C. radiatus | kM-RIIIK K-CnTX RIIIJ |
Human KV1.2 KV1.2–KV1.5 |
block target |
cardio-protective action no activity |
[101,102] |
| C. striatus | K-Conk-S1; K-Conk-S2 |
KV1.7 | target | therapeutics for diabetes | [103] |
|
C. capitaneus
C. miles C. vexillum C. striatus C. imperialis |
I-superfamily conus peptides | KV1.1 KV1.3 |
block | - | [104,105] |
| C. virgo | ViTx | KV1.1 KV1.3 |
inhibition | - | [106] |
| C. purpurescens | CGX-1051 | KV | inhibition | cardioprotective | [107] |