Figure 5.

In vitro neutralizing activity in the serum of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated, SARS-CoV-2 recovered, or both individuals over time. (A) SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity in paired samples from a subgroup of 22 infection-only participants, 31 vaccination-only participants, and 11 infection + vaccination participants. Neutralizing activity is presented as percent inhibition. The threshold for positive neutralizing activity was set at 30% inhibition based on the manufacturer’s protocol. (B) Neutralizing activity at 9 months post-vaccination or infection was compared among the infection-only, vaccination-only, and infection + vaccination groups. (C) Spearman correlations between neutralizing activity and RBD-specific IgG and RBD-specific IgA from all 234 serum samples that were analyzed for neutralizing activity are shown. Colors correspond to the time past infection or vaccination. p-values were calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests if between paired time points or the Kruskal−Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test if between multiple groups.