Table 1.

Medicinal plants used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk factors in one sub-Saharan African country.

Botanical Name	Family	English/ Common Name	Local Name	Plants’ Parts Used	Mode of Usage/ Preparation	Diseases Treated	Country	References
Brillantaisia owariensis P.Beauv.	Acanthaceae			Leaf	Decoction	Cardiac disease, Hypertension	Angola	[43]
Neoboutonia melleri (Müll.Arg.) Prain	Euphorbiaceae			Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Aloe littoralis Baker	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Endombo, Otchindombo	Hypogeous organs		Diabetes		[44]
Dicoma sp.	Asteraceae		Kaundu			Heart troubles
Vernonia hymenolepis Vatke	Compositae					Hypertension		[45]
Hemizygia bracteosa (Benth.) Briq.	Lamiaceae					Cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes	Benin	[46]
Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass.	Asteraceae		Awerekpe, Welekpekpe	Whole plant		Diabetes		[47]
Allium ascalonicum L.	Amaryllidaceae		Mansa elewe, Ayoman winiwini	Bulb	Maceration, Decoction, Powder
Borassus aethiopum Mart.	Arecaceae		Egui agban, Agontin	Seedling	Powder
Burkea africana Hook.	Fabaceae		Atakpa, Ajasi kake	Root, Bark	Decoction, Maceration
Combretum collinum Fresen.	Combretaceae		Irinkoya, Yahoui	Leaf	Decoction
Commelina erecta L.	Commelinaceae		Olirekou, Hanwin hanwin	Root
Crateva adansonii DC.	Capparaceae		Agni-wewe, Onton zunzin	Leaf	Decoction
Crinum zeylanicum (L.)	Amaryllidaceae		Adodje, Soulou	Whole plant, Bulb
Crotalaria retusa L.	Fabaceae		Okounkrounmanro, Aza	Root	Maceration
Croton gratissimus Bureh.	Euphorbiaceae		Adjekofole ile, Jelele	Leaf/Root	Decoction
Cussonia arborea	Araliaceae		Edigo, Toflo-gotoun	Root	Maceration
Cymbopogon giganteus (Hochst.)	Poaceae		Igbakpo, Gbezin	Leaf	Decoction
Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.	Dioscoreaceae		Kokoro, Kokolo	Tuber
Eriosema glomeratum (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f.	Fabaceae		Kolo-koriko	Leaf	Maceration
Erythrina senegalensis DC.			Ochiiche, Kpaklessi	Root, Bark of root	Decoction, Maceration/Powder
Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill.	Myrtaceae		Atikin gbadota	Fruit	Decoction
Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.	Euphorbiaceae		Nonsinwe	Leaf
Ficus sycomorus L.	Moraceae		Ofo, Votin	Sap	Decoction
Ficus umbellate Vahl			Ore, Vounvountin	Leaf, Root
Flacourtia indica	Flacourtiaceae		Jogboro, Gbohounkaje	Branch
Gardenia erubescens	Rubiaceae		Kankanrambo, Dakpla	Root	Infusion
Gladiolus dalenii van Geel	Iridaceae		Osheko, Baka	Bulb	Decoction, Powder
Gossypium arboretum L.	Malvaceae		Owou-akeche, Avokanfoun cheke	Leaf	Decoction
Hyptis pectinate (L.) Poit.	Lamiaceae		Kobojoujou, Houeflou	Root	Maceration
Lannea barteri (Oliv.)	Anacardiaceae		Akou, Zonzon	Bark	Decoction
Merremia quinquefolia (L.)	Convolvulaceae		Alovi-aton	Leaf	Powder
Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC.	Rubiceae		Alekou	Leaf	Powder
Monodora myristica (Gaertn.)	Annonaceae		Ariwo, Sassalikoun	Seed, Bulb	Decoction, Maceration, Powder, Maceration
Morelia senegalensis	Rubiaceae		Agnidja, Aviwin	Root	Maceration
Olax subscorpioidea Oliv.	Olacaceae		Egui miitin, Miitin	Root	Maceration
Omphalogonus calophyllus Baill.	Asclepiadaceae		Ogbo doundoun
Parinari curatellifolia Planch.	Chrysobalanaceae		Idifoun, Awetoun	Root/Bark	Decoction, Powder
Paullinia pinnata L.	Sapindaceae		Akpa, Adakloman	Leaf
Pavetta crassipes	Rubiaceae		Etira, Dakplassou		Decoction
Pennisetum americanum (L.)	Poaceae		Iwasse, Likoun	Root/Seed	Decoction, Powder
Phaseolus lunatus L.	Fabaceae		Ibe, Akpakoun	Seed	Powder, Maceration
Raphionacme brownii	Asclepiadaceae		-	Tuber	Maceration
Rhynchosia pycnostachya (DC.)	Fabaceae		-	Root	Decoction
Rourea coccinea	Connaraceae		Ameje, Ganganlise		Maceration
Saba comorensis (Boj.)	Apocynaceae		-		Decoction
Sansevieria liberia hort.	Dracaenaceae		Akpognan	Leaf/Fruit/Root
Schrankia leptocarpa DC.	Fabaceae		Arobokou, Vehoun	Leaf	Decoction
Secamone afzelii (Schult.)	Asclepiadaceae		Abere-rewan, Anonsiman
Sesamum radiatum	Pedaliaceae		Agbo	Leaf	Triturating
Vangueriella spinose	Rubiaceae			Root	Decoction
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.)	Rutaceae		Ata, Hetin	Root/Bark	Maceration
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.	Asteraceae		Ewe jedi jedi, Houssikousse	Leaf, Stem	Powder, Decoction	Diabetes		[47,48]
Polygonum senegalensis	Polygonaceae					Diabetes, Hypertension		[49]
Cassia siamea	Fabaceae			Root	Decoction	Hypertension		[50]
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell	Sapotaceae	Miracle plant		Leaf		Diabetes		[51]
Aloe zebrina Baker	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Variegated aloe	Kgophane	Leaf	Juice	Diabetes	Botswana	[52]
Erythrococca trichogyne (Mull. Arg.)	Euphorbiaceae	Twin redberry	Mononyane	Root	Powder	Diabetes
Pterodiscus ngamicus	Pedaliaceae		Pelo-ya-khutsana	Bulb	Boiling	Heart problems
Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Sond.)	Myrothamnaceae	Resurrection plant	Moswaarula, Rufandichimuka	Shoot, Leaf, Twig	Powder, Tea, Boiling	Diabetes, Stroke		[52,53]
Acacia dudgeoni	Mimosaceae		Gompagnalega	Branch	Decoction	Heart disorders	Burkina Faso	[54]
Acacia pennata Willd.	Mimosaceae		Kanre		Charred	Heart disorders, Stroke
Cadaba farinosa Fosrk.	Capparaceae		Kinsga	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Combretum adenogonium Stend ex. A. Rich.	Combretaceae		Kuilinga	Leaf	Powder	Hypertension
Cymbopogon proximus Staff.	Poaceae		Soom-piiga	Root	Maceration	Hypertension, Heart disorders
Entada Africana Guill. & Perr.	Mimosaceae		Saparga	Leaf	Decoction	Heart disorders
Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch	Rubiaceae		Namzuuding palaaga	Stem bark
Gardenia sokotensis Hutch.			Tangrambrezugga		Powder	Heart disorders, Hypertension
Gossypium sp.	Malvaceae		Lamtiiga	Fruit	Charred	Heart disorders
Hibiscus cannabinus L.	Malvaceae		Beerga	Ears	Maceration
Hygrophila auricolata Heine	Acanthaceae		Kiaga	Whole plant		Heart disorder
Lantana rhodesiensis Moldenke	Verbenaceae		Niuli sibi	Root	Smoke	Hypertension
Ocimum canum Sims.	Lamiaceae		Yusinyuudu	Whole plant	Decoction	Heart diseases
Sesbania pachycarpa DC.	Fabaceae		More	Fruit	Decoction	Hypertension
Sorghum guineense Stapt.	Poaceae		Ki	Seed	Paste	Obesity
Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc	Fabaceae		Summinga	Fruit	Maceration	Heart disorders
Indigofera tinctoria (L.)	Fabaceae		Garga	Whole plant	Decoction	Diabetes		[54,55]
Ambligonocarpus andongensis	Mimosaceae		Kassi (Mboum), Yake (Fd)	Seeds	Boiling	Hypertension	Cameroon	[56]
Cleome ciliata	Capparaceae		Mbango (Douala)	Leafy stem	Decoction	Heart ache
Cynodon dactylon	Poaceae	Bahamas grass	Semesm (Bakossi)	Leaf, Bark, Roots		Hypertension
Drynaria cordata	Polypodiaceae	Chick weed	Echimekede (Bakossi)	Leaf, Root		Diabetes
Rauvolfia macrophylla	Apocynaceae		Kanja (Bakweri)	Bark, Roots	Decoction	Heart ache
Bridelia ndellensis Beille	Euphorbiaceae					Diabetes		[57]
Bersama engleriana Gurke	Melianthaceae			Leaf, Stem, Bark, Roots
Vitex cienkowskii	Verbenaceae			Stem bark		Cardiovascular disease		[32]
Terminalia superba	Combretaceae			Bark, Stem bark		Diabetes, Hypertension		[32,58]
Oryza sativa L.	Poaceae					Hyperglycaemia		[59]
Citrus grandis (L.)	Rutaceae		Limi gnamba	Fruit	Juice	Hypertension		[60]
Milletia sanagana	Fabaceae		Bolete wanjo	Roots	Maceration
Palisota hirsuta	Commenlinaceae		Ekok	Leaf	Decoction
Playcerium stemaria	Polypodiaceae		Kefafarna, Agbeuth	Whole plant	Incineration	Hypertension, Cardiac palpitations
Pterygota sp.	Sterculiaceae		Wuoho	Bark	Maceration	Hypertension
Sloetiopsis usambarensis Engl.	Moraceae		Otomo landjana	Bark	Decoction
Aframomum pruinosum Gagn.	Zingiberaceae		Keshunedieme	Seeds	Maceration	Cardiac palpitation		[61]
Crassocephalum crepidiodes (Benth.)	Asteraceae		Ajujuaphe	Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Galium asparine Linn.	Rubiaceae		Njekuba	Whole plant		Obesity
Laportea ovalifolia	Urticaceae		Nantuateneleune			Diabetes
Millettia barteri	Fabaceae			Bark root		Cardiac pain		[62]
Vepris heterophylla	Rutaceae			Leaf		Cardiovascular disorder, Hypertension		[63]
Vepris louisii	Rutaceae					Hypertension
Protea madiannensis	Proteaceae		Gbogbo (Banda), Zeradope (Gbaya)	Roots	Boiling, Decoction	Hypertension	Central African Republic	[64]
Capsicum annum L.	Solonaceae	Pepper (English)	Ndongo (Sango)	Leaf	Boiling, Decoction
Tambourissa comorensis Lorence	Monimiaceae					Diabetes, Hypertension	Comoros	[65]
Thomandersia hensii	Acanthaceae		Ikoka, Liowa	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes	Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo)	[66]
Crinium ornatum	Amaryllidaceae				Decoction
Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae		Ndunda		Decoction
Ipomoea mauritiana	Convolvulaceae			Tubercule
Tetracera poggei	Dilleniaceae			Leaf
Penianthus longifolius	Menispermaceae			Bark	Maceration
Panda oleosa	Pandaceae		Okali	Bark	Decoction
Solanum gilo	Solanaceae		Nyanya	Root	Decoction
Vinca minor	Apocynaceae		Vinka nyeupe	Leaf and roots	Decoction	Diabetes		[67]
Artemisia annua	Asteraceae			Leafy stem
Basella alba	Basellaceae		Nderema, Ndelama	Leaf
Albizia grandibracteata	Fabaceae		Mushebeye, Kahunda, Mushebele	Bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Caesalpinia decapetala			Lurhe	Leaf	Infusion
Stachytarpheta indica	Verbenaceae		“Insulin”	Leafy stem	Decoction
Aloe sp.	Xanthrorrhoeaceae		Kizimia muliro	Aerial part	Expression
Annona arenaria	Annonaceae		Kikolo, Bomengo na esobe	Root	Decoction	Diabetes		[68]
Rauwolfia obscura	Apocynaceae		Mudisi	Leaf	Decoction
Albizia adianthifolia	Fabaceae		Kasikeaze, Kapeta nzovu	Leaf, Stem				[69]
Azanza garckeana	Malvaceae		Muti ya makamashi	Leaf
Gladiolus klattianus	Iridaceae		Kitala, Kitokatoka	Bulb
Vitex madiensis	Verbenaceae		Mufutu, Mufute Kinka	Leaf, Root
Agelanthus dodonefoliusi	Loranthaceae			Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes	Cote d’Ivoire	[70]
Albizia lebbeck	Mimosaceae			Root	Decoction
Annona squamosa	Annonaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Argemone mexicana	Papaveraceae			Root	Decoction
Asystasia calycina	Acanthaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Bidens engleri	Asteraceae			Whole plant	Decoction
Chrozophora senegalensis	Euphorbiaceae			Whole plant	Decoction
Chrysophyllum cainito	Sapotaceae			Stem bark, Leaf	Maceration
Clerodendrum inerme	Verbenaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Cnestis ferruginea	Connaraceae			Leaf, Root	Decoction
Drimia glaucescens	Liliaceae			Whole plant	Decoction
Eclipta prostrata (L) L.	Compositae
Ficus glumosa Delile	Moraceae			Leaf	Decoction
Jatroha gossypiifolia	Euphorbiacea e			Leaf and roots	Trituration
Macrosphyra longistyla (DC.) Hiern	Rubiaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Moghania faginea (Guill. and Perr.) Kuntze	Fabaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Ouratea affinis (Hook. f.) Engl.	Ochnaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Sida cordifolia	Malvaceae			Stems with Leaf and roots	Decoction
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.	Verbenaceae			Leaf and axis flowering	Decoction, Infusion
Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth	Bignoniaceae			Leaf	Decoction
Terminalia mantaly	Combretaceae			Stems with Leaf	Decoction
Vepris verdoorniana	Rutaceae			Root bark	Decoction	Hypertension		[63]
Balanites rotundifolia	Balanitaceae		Alayto	Leaf	Soaking	Diabetes	Djibouti	[71]
Buxus hildebrandtii	Buxaceae		Gaydarto	Leaf	Soaking
Lavandula coronopifolia	Lamiaceae		Dananwada	Leaf	Soaking
Melia azedarach	Meliaceae		Dat caxa	Whole plant	Soaking, Crushing
Nepeta azurea	Lamiaceae		Simitri	Leaf	Soaking, Crushing
Anenthum graveolens Linn	Apiaceae	Dill	Shilan-maedo	Leaf	Tea	Diabetes	Eritrea	[72]
Cichorium endivia L.	Asteraceae	Succory	Shikoria	Leaf	Cooking
Clutia lanceolate	Euphorbiaceae	Cerra Cipapau Apple	Tish-belalito	Leaf	Extract
Ferula communis L.	Apiaceae	Giant fennel	Diog	Seed, Leaf	Decoction
Psiada panctulata	Asteraceae		Tsehaiferhet	Leaf, Root	Decoction
Trachyspermum ammi	Apiaceae	Bishop’s Weed	Kamun/Tsakida	Seed	Powder
Withania somnifera (L.)	Solanaceae	Winter Cherry	Agol	Root, Leaf	Root Immersion, Leaf’ juice
Zizyphus spina-christi (L.)	Rhamnaceae	Christ’s Thorn Jujube	Gaba	Leaf	Infusion
Aloe camperi Schweinfurth	Aloaceae	Aloe	Sandai-ere	Leaf, Latex	Extract			[72,73]
Brassica nigra	Brassicaceae	Black Mustard	Adri	Seed	Decoction
Lepidium sativum L.	Brassicaceae	Graden Cress	Shinfae	Seed	Extract
Meriandra dianthera	Lamiaceae		Nehiba/Mezeguf/Nehba	Leaf	Extract, Drying, Crushing, Boiling	Diabetes, Hypertension		[72,74]
Otostegia integrifolia Benth.	Lamiaceae		Ch’endog/Chendog	Leaf, Bark	Extract, Crushing
Acacia senegalensis	Fabaceae		Tseada-qenteb	Bark	Chewing	Diabetes		[74]
Aloe elegance	Aloaceae		Eere	Latex
Hypoestes forskaolii	Acanthaceae		Debe-awald	Leaf	Crushing, Boiling
Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth.	Fabaceae		Cheka, Digita, Digitta	Leaf, Seed	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	Ethiopia	[75,76,77]
Lens culinaris Medik.	Fabaceae		Misir	Seed		Diabetes		[76]
Premna schimperi Engl.	Lamiaceae		Urgessa	Leaf		Hypertension
Indigofera amorphoides Jaub. & Spach	Fabaceae		Muka Adi, Jeere	All parts	Decoction, Infusion	Heart disease		[78,79]
Acalypha fruiticosa	Euphorbiaceae		Dhirii	Leaf	Decoction			[79]
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.	Euphorbiaceae		Harmel Xixiqaa	All parts	Concoction
Rhynchosia erlangeri Harms	Fabaceae		Harmel	Leaf
Lupinus albus L.	Fabaceae		Gibto	Seed	Juice	Hypertension		[80]
Ipomoea obscura (L.)	Convolvulaceae		Lago	Leaf		Heart disease		[81]
Ocimum laliifolium	Lamiaceae		Pasi kedo	Leaf
Thymus schimperi Ronniger	Lamiaceae		Tosigne	Leaf	Tea	Hypertension		[82]
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce	Gentianaceae				Infusion	Diabetes		[83]
Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile	Cleomaceae				Powder
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Del	Posidoniaceae					Obesity
Kyllinga monocephala	Cyperaceae					Diabetes		[84]
Aloe secundiflora Engl.	Xanthorrhoeaceae					Hypertension		[85]
Datura stramonium	Solanaceae		Asaangra	Leaf, Root	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension		[77]
Mentha piperita	Lamiaceae		Nana	Leaf	Juice	Hypertension
Lagenaria abyssinica	Cucurbitaceae		Buqe setena	Flower	Powder	Diabetes
Indigofera spicata	Fabaceae			Whole plant		Diabetes		[55]
Capsium frutescens	Solanaceae		Nungu	Seed	Maceration	Cardiovascular diseases	Gabon	[86]
Copaifera religiosa	Cesalpiniaceae		Murei	Stem bark	Decoction
Lygopodium microphyllum	Schizaeaceae		Magol	Leaf
Senecio gaboneensis	Composeae		Budjambu		Maceration
Sterculia tragacantha Lindl.	Sterculiacea		Ivostou, Mundundu	Stem bark	Decoction
Strombosiopsis tetranda Engl.	Olacaeae		Mugamba-malungu
Cleistopholis glauca	Annonaceae			Stem bark	Decoction	Diabetes		[87]
Copaifera mildbraedii	Caesalpinioideae		Murei	Stem bark	Decoction
Quassia africana	Simaroubaceae		Mukedji	Stem barks	Maceration
Annickia chlorantha	Annonaceae		Mfol, Mwamba jaune, Muambebengue	Stem bark	Decoction	Cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes		[86,87,88]
Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J.Leonard	Fabaceae		Kevazingo, Kevazigo	Stem bark	Decoction
Acacia auriculiformis	Fabaceae		Akasmani	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes		[87,88]
Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Eng. & Diels	Annonaceae		Ebom	Stem bark	Decoction
Antrocaryon klaineanum	Anacardiaceae		Onzabili, Osome ele		Infusion, Decoction, Maceration
Aucoumea klaineana Pierre	Burseraceae		Okoume		Maceration
Celtis tessmannii	Cannabaceae		Diania		Decoction
Cylicodiscus gabunensis	Mimosoideae		Okan	Stem bark	Decoction
Duboscia macrocarpa	Malvaceae		Akak	Stem bark	Decoction
Eurypetalum tessmannii	Caesalpinioideae		Anzilim
Mammea africana	Calophyllaceae		Mammea, Oboto	Stem bark	Decoction
Microdesmis puberula	Pandaceae		Inko		Infusion
Piptadeniastrum africanum	Mimosoideae		Dabema, Dabena		Decoction
Pseudospondias longifolia	Anacardiaceae		Ofoss		Decoction, Maceration
Santiria trimera	Burseraceae		Ebo, Nkungu	Root	Decoction
Tabernanthe iboga	Apocynaceae		Iboga, Diboga	Stem bark, Stem root	Maceration, Decoction
Alstonia congensis	Apocynaceae		Mukuka	Root	Decoction, Maceration			[88]
Buchholzia coriacea	Capparaceae		Magic cola	Seed	Maceration
Bridellia ferruginea	Euphorbiaceae		Flatsho	Leaf	Decoction	Hypertension	Ghana	[89]
Luffa cylindrica	Cucurbiataceae		Kpekplebeshi	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension		[35]
Vitex grandifolia	Lamiaceae		Samanibir	Root	Infusion	Stroke
Senna sophera (L.) Roxb.	Fabaceae		Senna	Leaf	Decoction	High Blood Cholesterol
Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster	Phyllanthaceae		Goyonbaaya	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension
Pileostigma thonningii	Caesalpinaceae			Leaf		Diabetes	Guinea	[90]
Ocimum sanctum L.	Lamiaceae			Leaf, stalk
Landolphia heudeloti	Apocynaceae			Leaf
Andansonia digitate	Bombacaceae			Leaf
Cissus aralioide	Ampelidaceae			Leaf
Landolphia dulcis	Apocynaceae			Leaf
Mesonerum benthanmianum	Caesalpinaceae
Ocimum viride Willd.	Lamiaceae
Pterocarpus ericens	Paplionaceae
Nauclea pobeguinii	Rubiaceae			Leaf, bark				[90,91]
Citrus medica	Rutaceae		Katthiou	Leaf, fruits	Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension		[90,92]
Anthocleista nobilis	Gentianaceae		Konibou Kankan, Artaninfiro	Stem bark	Decoction	Diabetes		[93]
Uapaca togoensis Pax	Phyllanthaceae		Yalague Pete	Stem bark	Decoction	Hypertension		[92]
Strophanthus sarmentous DC	Apocynaceae		Thethe, Teme	Roots		Heart conditions	Guinea-Bissau	[94]
Bauhinia thonningii Schum.	Fabaceae		Boa, Mansonca, Mansanca	Roots, Bark
Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.)	Rubiaceae		Cobodo, Cubedo, Ghupughe	Leaf, Roots
Senna didymobotrya	Fabaceae		Mukengeka	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes	Kenya	[95,96]
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague	Canellaceae							[95]
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.	Lamiaceae
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.	Rutaceae
Phragmanthera usuiensis	Loranthaceae		Mondoiwet	Bark	Pounding, Boiling	Stroke		[97]
Periploca linearifolia Quart. Dill. & A.Rich.	Apocynaceae		Mwemba-iguru	Stem, Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes		[98]
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton			Mukangarithi	Seeds, Roots
Sonchus luxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey	Compositae		Muthunga	Leaf	Chewing, Boiling
Lactuca inermis Forssk.
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
Vernonia lasiopus			Muchata	Leaf	Decoction
Spilanthes mauritiana (A. Rich. ex Pers.) DC.			Gathariaita	Whole plant
Dracaena steudneri	Dracaenaceae		Ithare	Bark, Root
Ornithogalum tenuifolium	Hyacinthaceae		Mugwace	Rhizome
Hydnora abyssinica	Hydnoraceae		Muthigira	Stem
Myrsine africana L.	Myrsinaceae		Mugaita	Fruits	Decoction
Olea Africana Mill.	Oleaceae		Mutero	Leaf, Root
Clematis hirsuta Guill. and Perr.	Ranunculaceae		Mugaya, Ng’undu	Leaf, Roots
Prunus africana	Rosaceae		Muiri	Leaf, Bark
Teclea simplicifolia	Rutaceae		Munderendu	Leaf
Grewia similis	Tiliaceae		Mutheregendu	Leaf	Decoction
Typha domingensis Pers.	Typhaceae		Ndothua	Rhizomes
Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.)	Verbenaceae		Manjugairia	Leaf, Roots, Bark
Urtica massaica Mildbr.	Urticaceae		Thabai/Hatha, Kinyeleelya	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes		[96,98]
Euclea divinorum Hiern.	Ebenaceae		Kikuthi/Mukinyei	Root, Bark	Decoction	Diabetes		[96]
Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf	Compositae		Muti/Wuti	Leaf	Decoction
Fuerstia africana T.C.E.Fr.	Lamiaceae		Kalaku	Aerial parts	Decoction
Cactus spp.	Cactaceae		Matomoko	Leaf	Juice
Passiflora spp.	Passifloraceae		Makundi	Leaf	Decoction
Eucalyptus spp.	Myrtaceae		Musanduku	Stem Bark	Decoction
Aloe spp.	Aloeaceae		Kiluma	Leaf
Croton megalocarpus Hutch.	Euphorbiaceae		Muthulu/Kithulu	Leaf	Decoction
Ormocarpum kirkii S. Moore	Fabaceae		Muthii	Leaf	Decoction
Passiflora subpeltata	Passifloraceae		Makundi	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Solanum renschii Vatke	Solanaceae		Mukonda Kondu	Root, Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Momordica spp.	Cucurbitaceae		Iphunzu	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Euclea racemosa Murr.	Ebenaceae		Mukinyei	Leaf, Stem bark, Root bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Schrebera alata (Hochst.) Welw.	Oleaceae		Mutoma	Stem bark, Root, Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes
Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. & Steud ex Meisn.) Dammer	Polygonaceae		Song’e	Leaf, Whole plant	Infusion, Maceration	Diabetes, Hypertension		[96,99]
Polyscias fulva	Araliaceae		Soiyet	Bark	Decoction	Obesity		[100]
Conyza subscaposa	Asteraceae		Chepng’ ombet	Leaf, Root	Decoction	Obesity
Eriocephalus sp.	Asteraceae		Sehala-hala sa matlaka	Whole plant		Diabetes, Hypertension	Lesotho	[42]
Scabiosa columbaria	Dipsacaceae		Selomi	Leaf, Root		Hypertension
Napoleonaea heudelotii A. Juss.	Lecythidaceae			Leaf, bark, root		Heart failure	Liberia	[101]
Geophila obvallata Didr.	Rubiaceae			Leaf		Heart pain
Voacanga thouarsii Roem. & Schult.	Apocynaceae		Kaboky	Leaf, Latex, Roots, Bark, Seeds		Hypertension	Madagascar	[102]
Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm	Lycopodiaceae		Tongotsokina	Entire plant		Hypertension
Vaccinum sp.	Vaccinaceae		Voakaramy	Leaf		Diabetes
Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz	Amaranthaceae		Tangogo	Leaf		Diabetes, Cardiac problems		[30]
Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes.	Celastraceae		Fanazava	Leaf		Hypertension
Diospyros sp.	Ebenaceae		Bois de rose	Bark		Diabetes
Psorospermum ferrovestitum Baker	Hypericaceae		Andriambolamena	Leaf		Hypertension
Lycopodium sp.	Lycopodiaceae		Karakaratoloha	Leaf
Pauridiantha paucinervis (Hiern) Bremek.	Rubiaceae		Tamirova	Leaf		Hypertension, Diabetes
Azolla sp.	Salviniaceae		Ramilamina			Cardiac arrest
Lygodium lanceolatum Desv.	Lygodiaceae		Famatotrakanga	Leaf		Hypertension		[103]
Securinega seyrigii	Euphorbiaceae			Bark	Decoction	Hypertension		[104]
Cedrelopsis grevei	Ptaeroxylaceae			Bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Mimosa pigra L.	Fabaceae					Cardiovascular disorders		[105]
Psiadia salviifolia	Asteraceae			Aerial part		Hypertension		[106]
Xylopia buxifolia	Annonaceae			Leaf	Tea	Obesity		[107]
Gymnosporia divaricata	Celastraceae		Voasarikely	Leaf		Diabetes		[108]
Macaranga perrieri	Euphorbiaceae		Makarangana	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Clidemia hirta	Melastomataceae		Sopatra-Mazambody	Leaf		Hypertension
Passiflora foetida	Passifloraceae		Garana	Leaf	Decoction	Hypertension
Fadogia ancylantha Schweinf	Rubiaceae		Masamba gha Muthondo		Tea	Diabetes, Hypertension	Malawi	[109]
Fadogia ancylantha	Rubiaceae		Masamba gha Muthondo	Leaf	Tea	Diabetes		[53]
Ximenia americana L.	Olacaceae			Leaf, Stem	Decoction, Powder	Diabetes, Hypertension	Mali	[110]
Cleome viscosa Linn.	Capparidaceae	Wild mustard		Root		Cardiac stimulant, Diabetes		[111]
Boscia senegalensis Lam.	Capparaceae		Eyzen	Fruits	Maceration, Powder	Diabetes	Mauritania	[112]
Maerua crassifolia Forssk.			Atil	Leaf	Powder
Combretum glutinosum Perr.	Combretaceae		Tykefyt		Powder
Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.)	Fabaceae		Talh	Bark	Mashed/Macered	Hypertension
Mentha spicata L.	Lamiaceae		Naana	Leaf	Decoction
Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam.	Rhamnaceae		Sdar-hreytek		Infusion, Powder, Maceration	Diabetes, Hypertension
Camellia sinensis L.	Theaceae		The vert	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension, High level of cholesterol	Mauritius	[113,114]
Celosia cristata	Amaranthaceae	Coquelicot		Flower	Decoction	Cardiovascular diseases, Hypertension		[115]
Lycium barbarum	Solanaceae		Goji	Fruit	Soup	Diabetes
Actinida deliciosa	Actinidiaceae		Kiwi		Juice	Hypertension		[113]
Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. Orientale (Sam) Sam.	Alismataceae				Infusion	High level of cholesterol
Aloysia citriodora Palau	Verbenaceae		Verveine	Whole plant	Infusion	Cardiovascular disease
Anans comosus (L.) Merr.	Bromeliaceae		Anana	Fruit	Juice
Aphloia theiformis	Aphloiaceae		Fandamane	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes
Apium graveolens L.	Apiaceae		Celeri		Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Moraceae		Zack	Fruit		Diabetes
Asplenium nidus L.	Aspleniaceae		Langue de boeuf	Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Avena sativa L.	Poaceae		Oatmeal	Grains	Soaking	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.	Sapindaceae		Pocpoc	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Cynara cardunculus L.	Asteraceae		Artichaut	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Coriandrum sativum L.	Apiaceae		Cotomili	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes
Crataegus laevigata Poir. DC.	Rosaceae		Aubepine			High level of cholesterol
				Flower		Hypertension
Curcuma longa L.	Zingiberaceae		Safran	Root		Cardiovascular disease
Euphorbia heterophylla L.	Euphorbiaceae		Cacapoule	Flower		High level of cholesterol
Cucumis sativus L.	Cucurbitaceae		Concombre	Fruit	Juice	Diabetes
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne			Giromon		Decoction
Eugenia uniflora L.	Myrtaceae		Rousaille	Leaf	Decoction
Faujasiopsis flexuosa (Lam.)	Asteraceae		Bois cassant
Glechoma hederacea L.	Lamiaceae		Lierre
Lactuca sativa L.	Asteraceae		Laitue	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Lagenaria siceraria	Cucurbitaceae		Calebasse	Fruit
				Leaf		High level of cholesterol, Hypertension
Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus	Linaceae		Grain de lin	Seeds	Soaking	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.	Cucurbitaceae		Patole	Leaf	Juice	Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease
Malus domestica Borkh.	Rosaceae		Pomme	Fruits	Juice	High level of cholesterol
Murraya koenigii (L.)	Rutaceae		Carripoulet	Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.	Lamiaceae		Tulsi	Leaf	Juice	Diabetes, Hypertension, High level of cholesterol
Ophiopogon japonicas (Thunb.)	Asparagaceae				Infusion with the tea	Diabetes
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.	Lamiaceae		Orthosiphon	Leaf	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension
Phyllanthus emblica L.	Phyllanthaceae		Amla	Fruit	Consume raw fruit, Juice	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Piper betle L.	Piperaceae		Betel	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Plantago afra L.	Plantaginaceae				Decoction	Cardiovascular disease
Plantago major L.			Plantain	Flowers	Juice	Diabetes
Prunella vulgaris L.	Lamiaceae				Infusion	Hypertension
Psiloxylon mauritianum	Myrtaceae		Bigaignon	Leaf	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes
Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.	Strelitziaceae		Ravenale	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Rubus alceifolius Poir.	Rosaceae		Piquant loulou	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Sigesbeckia orientalis L.	Asteraceae		Herbe de flacq	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Solanum melongena	Solanaceae		Anguive	Fruit	Cooking	Diabetes
Stevia rebaudiana	Asteraceae		Stevia	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes
Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg.	Compositae		Pissenlit	Roots, Leaf	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol
Vitis vinifera L.	Vitaceae		Raisin	Seeds	Consume raw seeds	Diabetes
Aegle marmelos L.	Rutaceae		Bael	Leaf	Paste	Diabetes		[116]
Aloe barbadensis Mill.	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Aloe vera
Triticum aestivum	Poaceae		Duble, Wheat		Juice	Cardiovascular diseases
Orthosiphon stamineus	Lamiaceae		Orthosiphon			Hypertension		[114]
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck	Rutaceae		Orange
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.	Arecaceae		Sagoo
Petroselinum crispum subsp. giganteum (Pau) Dobignard	Apiaceae		Persil			Lower Cholesterol
Senna Alexandria Mill.	Fabaceae		Senne
Cassine orientalis	Celastraceae		Boid d’olive	Leaf		Hypertension		[117]
Justicia gendarussa	Acanthaceae		Nitchouli	Leaf		Hypertension		[118]
Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott	Araceae		Brede songe	Leaf		Hypertension
Euphorbia thymifolia L.	Euphorbiaceae		Rougette	Whole plant		Hypertension
Bruguiera gymnorhiza Lam.	Rhizophoraceae		Manglier	Root	Infusion, decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension
Feronia Limonia (L) Swingle	Rutaceae		Wood apple	Fruit	Decoction	Diabetes
Morinda citrifolia L.	Rubiaceae		Noni	Fruit, Leaf	Infusion, Juice	Diabetes, High level of cholesterol, Hypertension		[113,114]
Phoenix dactylifera L.	Arecaceae		Tam	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes		[113,119]
Rhizophora mucronata Lam.	Rhizophoraceae		Manglier	Root	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension		[113,118]
Diplorhynchus condylocarpon	Apocynaceae			Roots		Diabetes	Mozambique	[120]
Terminalia stenostachya Engl. & Diels	Combretaceae			Rosette leaf		Heart disorders, Hypertension, Diabetes
Helinus intergrifolius	Rhamnaceae		Murora			Stroke	Namibia	[121]
Helinu spartoides			Omutiwoheva
Thevetia peruviana	Apocynaceae			Bark		Cardiac diseases	Nigeria	[122]
Vinca alba	Apocynaceae			Leaf		Hypertension
Acalypha godseffiana	Euphorbiaceae	Copper leaf	Uke	Leaf, seed, fruits	Decoction	Hypertension		[123]
Brillantaisia patula	Acanthaceae	Brillantaisia	Idi-ghoko	Leaf, root
Bryophyllum pinnatum	Crassulaceae	Resurrection plant	Ize		Infusion
Chasmanthera dependens	Menispermaceae	Chasmantera	Ukpirialolo	Leaf
Combretum racemosun	Combretaceae	Bush willow	Ajeibolose	Leaf
Dichapetalum guineense	Dichapetalaceae		Uduoifotowo	Root
Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan	Fabaceae	Ordeal tree	Aghoko	Seed
Fagara zanthoxyloides	Rutaceae	Fagara	Ukwe-eghe	Root bark
Ficus asperifolia	Moraceae	Sandpaper	Ebe-amenuwen	Leaf
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	Malvaceae	Chinese hibiscus	Ireagu	Flower
Hibiscus surattensis		Bush sorrel	Okikhan	Flower, Fruits, Leaf	Decoction, Infusion
Phyllantus amarus	Euphorbiaceae	Carry me seed	Istikini iju ode	Leaf	Infusion
Senecio biafrae	Compositae	English spinach		Root
Sorghum caudatum	Poaceae	Sorghum	Okanibaba
Tapinanthus bangwensis	Loranthaceae	Mistletoe	Ebe ose	Leaf	Decoction
Tridax procumbens	Asteraceae	Coat bottons	Eekule	Aerial plant	Powder
Uraria picta	Fabaceae			Leaf
Crataeva adansonii Oliv.	Capparaceae		Eegun-orun	Leaf		Hypertension		[124]
Soghum bicolor	Poaceae		Ese oka	Leaf		Hypertension		[34]
Beaucamea recurvate	Ruscaceae		Wowo	Roots
Psoropermum febrifugum	Clusiaceae		Legunoko	Leaf		Stroke
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.	Hyperricaceae		Amuje	Leaf		Hypertension
Citropis articulate	Rutaceae		Atapari obuko	Leaf/roots		Stroke
Lablab purpureus L.	Papilionaceae		Labelabe	Seeds		Heart attack
Microdesmis keayana	Euphorbiaceae		Idi apata	Roots		Stroke
Chlorophora excelsa	Moraceae		Iroko iju	Leaf		Heart attack
Thevetia neriifolia	Apocynaceae		Olomi ojo	Leaf, Bark		Stroke
Sarsevieria liberica	Agavaceae		Oja ikoko	Leaf, Roots		Stroke/Hypertension
Loranthus spectobulus	Loranthaceae	Mistletoe		Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension		[125]
Entandrophragma utile	Meliaceae	African cedar	Opepe	Stem bark	Infusion	Diabetes		[126]
Euphorbia lateriflora	Euphorbiaceae	Milk cultivars	Enu opire	Stems
Khaya ivorensis	Meliaceae	Lagos Mahogany	Oganwo	Stem bark	Powder
Lannea welwitchii	Anacardiaceae	False Marula	Ekudan
Lagenaria breviflora	Cucurbitaceae	Wild Colocynth	Tagiri	Fruits	Decoction
Lawsonia inermis L.	Lythraceae	Henna tree	Laali	Leaf
Sphenocentrum jollyanum	Menispemaceae	Locus bean	Akerejupon	Roots
Tetracera alniflora	Dilleniaceae	Ware vine	Opon	Fruits
Loranthus micranthus Linn.	Loranthaceae	Eastern Nigeria mistletoe				Diabetes, Hypertension		[127]
Anthocleista nobilis	Gentianaceae		Uko nkirisi	Bark, Root	Decoction	Diabetes		[93]
Commiphora kerstingii Engl	Burseraceae	Sand paper tree	Ararrabii	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes		[128]
Terminalia macroptera Guill & Perr	Combretaceae	Black afara	Baushe	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Parkia filicoidea Oliv.	Fabaceae	African locust bean tree	Dorawa	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Odina barteri Oliv	Anacardiaceae	Olive	Faru	Leaf, Bark	Decoction, Maceration	Diabetes
Acacia albida Delile	Fabaceae		Gardaye	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Acacia macrostachya DC.	Fabaceae	Winter thorn	Gawo	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Combretum altum Guill & Perr	Combretaceae		Geza	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Borassus flabellifer L.	Arecaceae	African fan palm	Giginya	Bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Boswellia dalzielii Hutch	Burseraceae	Frankincense tree	Hano	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Cassia obovata Collad.	Fabaceae	Neutral henna	Hilisko	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes
Nymphaea odorata Aiton	Nymphaeaceae	American waterlily	Kainuwa	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes
Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.)	Caesalpineacea	Camel’s foot	Kalgo	Bark, Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Pleurotus tuber-regium	Pleurotaceae	King tuber mushroom	Katala	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Heeria insignis Delile Kuntze	Anacardiaceae		Kasheshe	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Crescentia cujete L.	Bignoniaceae	Calabash	Kwarya	Bark	Infusion	Diabetes
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.	Gramineae	Nigeria grass	Kyasuwa	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes
Ziziphus jujube Linn	Rhamnaceae	Jujube fruit	Magarya	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Sarcocephalus russeggeri K. ex Sch	Rubiaceae	African peach	Tafashiya	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Detarium senegalense J.F.Gmel.	Fabaceae	Boire	Taura	Bark, Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Combretum sericeum G. Don.	Combretaceae		Taro	Bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Asclepias tuberosa L.	Asclepiadaceae	Butterfly weed	Yadiya	Leaf, Root	Infusion	Diabetes
Clerodendrum volubile	Lamiaceae	White butterfly	Marugbo, Eweta, Dagba, Obenetete			Diabetes		[129]
Phragmanthera incana	Loranthaceae			Leaf		Diabetes, Hypertension		[130]
Acalypha capitata	Euphorbiaceae					Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia	[131]
Acalypha torta	Euphorbiaceae					Hypertension
Heinsia crinita	Rubiaceae		Atama	Leaf, Root	Boiling, Crushing, Decoction	Hypertension	[132]
Indigofera hirsuta L.	Fabaceae	Hairy indigo	Kai-kai mashekiya	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes	[55,128]
Aristolochia ringens Vahl	Aristolochiaceae	Pelican flower	Akoogun, Akogun	Stem, Root	Decoction	Diabetes, Heart attack	[34,126]
Aristolochia repens	Aristolochiaceae	Snake work		Leaf, stem, bark, root		Diabetes, Hypertension	[123,133]
Citrullus lanatus	Cucurbitaceae	Water melon	Owori, Kankana	Fruit	Maceration		[123,128]
Dioscorea bulbifera	Dioscoreaceae	Aerial potato Air potato	Kamumuwa	Tuber, Root	Decoction
Enantia chlorantha	Annonaceae	African yellow wood	Awopa	Leaf, Stem bark		Hypertension, Stroke	[34,123]
Gongronema latifolium Benth.	Apocynaceae	Amaranth globe	Utasi, Madunmaro	Leaf, Stem bark	Boiling, Maceration, Decoction, Infusion, Cooking as soup	Diabetes, Hypertension	[123,126,132,134]
Icacina trichantha Oliv.	Icacinaceae		Kamala, Okpokpo, Efikison	Leaf, Seed, Tuber	Crushing, Maceration, Powder	Hypertension	[123,132]
Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.	Talinaceae	Water leaf	Ebe-dondo, Gbure, Gaudi	Leaf, root, bark	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke	[34,123,128]
Uvaria afzelii	Annonaceae	Monkey finger, Scott Elliot	Gbogbonise	Root	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[123,126]
Viscum album L.	Santalaceae	European mistletoe	Ose, Afomo	Leaf, Bark	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Stroke	[34,123]
Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum)	Apocynaceae	Husk tomato plant	Osu	Seed, Stem, Bark	Soaking	Diabetes, Hypertension	[123,135]
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry	Myrtaceae	Clove bud/Clove	Kanafuru	Seed, Flower	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[123,126]
Lantana trifolia L.	Verbenaceae		Umuhengeri			Heart failure	Rwanda	[136]
Microglossa vulubilis DC.	Compositae		Grimbo yufii	Leaf	Infusion	Heart palpitation	Sierra Leone	[137]
Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson	Poaceae	Lemon grass	Lemon grass			Hypertension, Diabetes		[138]
Garcinia afzelii Engl	Clusiaceae	Bitter-kola	Yanny			Hypertension
Mimosa pudica L.	Fabaceae	Sensitive plant	Sensitive mimosa			Stroke
Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze	Compositae			Leaf		Heart disease		[139]
Agathosma apiculata	Rutaceae		Ibuchu/Buchu	Roots	Powder	Obesity	South Africa	[140]
Asparagus africana	Asaparagaceae	Climbing asparagus	Umthunzi	Leaf	Crushing and Soaking
Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd.	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Irooi water	Roots	Boiling, Infusion
Cucumis africanus	Curcubitaceae	Scaret guord	Ithangazana	Whole plant	Infusion
Curtisia dentata	Cornaceae	Capelance wood	Umlahleniselefile	Bark	Powder, Boiling
Kedrostis africana	Cucurbitaceae	Baboons cucumber	Uthuvishe	Bulb	Decoction
Mimosops obovata	Sapotaceae	Red milk wood	Umntunzi	Bark	Crushing, Soaking, Infusion
Phytolacca dioca L.	Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca	Idolo lenkonyane	Leaf	Boiling
Rubia petiolaris	Rubiaceae	Madder	Impedulo	Roots	Infusion
Schotia latifolia	Fabaceae	Forest boer-bean	Umaphipa	Bark	Crushing, Infusion
Vernonia mesphilifolia	Asteraceae	Iron weed	Uhlunguhlungu	Whole plant	Decoction
Gethyllis namaquensis	Amaryllidaceae		Naka tsa tholo	Bulb	Cooking	Diabetes		[141]
Plumeria obtusa L.	Apocynaceae		Mohlare wa maswi wa sukiri	Leaf
Cussinia spicata	Araliaceae			Root
Helichrysum caespititium	Asteraceae		Bokgatha, Mabjana, Mmeetse	Whole plant
Callilepis laureola			Phela	Root
Lessertia microphylla	Fabaceae		Mosapelo	Root
Hypoxis iridifolia	Hypoxidaceae		Monna maledu	Tuber
Kirkia wilmsii	Kirkiaceae		Legaba, Modumela		Juice
Ficus carica L.	Moraceae		Mofeiye	Root	Cooking
Mimusops zeyheri	Sapotaceae		Mmupudu	Leaf
Englerophytum magalismontanum			Mohlastwa	Bark
Hermannia quartiniana	Sterculiaceae			Root
Triumffeta sp.	Tilliaceae
Dodonaea angustifolia	Sapindaceae		Ysterhouttoppe	Leaf	Decoction	Chest complaints		[7]
Hypoxis camerooniana Baker	Hypoxidaceae		Ikhubalo	Bulb	Chewing	Hypertension
Osteospermum imbricatum	Asteraceae		inkhupuhlana	Bulb, Leaf	Boiling	Chest complaints
Phylsalis periviana L.	Scophulariaeae		Igquzu	Leaf, bulb
Vinca major L.	Apocynaceae					Diabetes		[142]
Adenopodia spinata	Fabaceae		Ubobo	Leaf, Root	Maceration	Hypertension		[99]
Agapanthus africanus	Amaryllidaceae		Ubani	Leaf, Root	Infusion, Maceration	Hypertension
Agave americana	Asparagaceae			Leaf	Decoction	Hypertension
Amaranthus hybridus	Amaranthaceae			Leaf	Maceration	Hypertension
Asystasia gangetica	Acanthaceae		Isihobo	Leaf	Maceration	Hypertension
Canabis sativa	Cannabaceae		Nsangu	Leaf	Infusion, Decoction	Hypertension
Commelina benghalensis	Commelinaceae		Idangabane	Whole plant	Poultice	Hypertension
Crinum macowanii	Amaryllidaceae		Umdube	Bulb, Leaf, Whole plant		Hypertension
Dietes iridioides	Iridaceae		Isishuphe somfula	Leaf, Root, Rhizomes	Maceration, Infusion	Hypertension
Dipcadi brevifolium	Hyacinthaceae		Ikhakahkha	Bulb	Decoction	Hypertension
Dombeya rotundifolia	Malvaceae		iNhliziyonkhulu	Leaf, Root	Maceration	Hypertension
Drimia elata	Asparageceae		Undongana-zibomvana	Bulb		Hypertension
Ekebergia capensis	Meliaceae		Essenhout	Leaf, Bark		Hypertension
Eriobotrya japonica	Rosaceae			Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Eriocephalus africanus	Asteraceae		Kapokbos	Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Gethyllis spp.	Amaryllidaceae		Koekoemakranka	Seed, Pod	Maceration	Hypertension
Justicia flava	Acanthaceae		Impela	Leaf	Maceration	Hypertension
Leucosidea sericea	Rosaceae		Umtshitshi			Hypertension
Medicago sativa	Fabaceae			Whole plant	Decoction	Hypertension
Mesembryanthemum spp.	Aizoaceae			Leaf, Stem	Decoction, Maceration	Hypertension
Oldenlandia affinis	Rubiaceae		Umampeshane	Root	Decoction	Hypertension
Peucedanum galbanum	Apiaceae		Droedas	Leaf	Infusion	Hypertension
Physalis viscosa	Solanaceae			Leaf	Maceration	Hypertension
Protorhus longifolia	Anacardiaceae		Uzintlwa	Leaf, Bark	Maceration	Hypertension
Rauvolfia caffra	Apocynaceae		umHlambamanzi	Stem, Bark, Whole plant		Hypertension
Rhus chirindensis	Anacardiaceae		Umhlabamvudu	Leaf, Fruit, Bark, Twig, Root	Maceration	Hypertension
Scolopia mundii	Salicaceae		iHlambahlale	Bark		Hypertension
Senecio bupleuroides	Asteraceae		Isiqandamatshana			Hypertension
Senecio inornatus	Asteraceae		Uhlabo	Root	Decoction	Hypertension
Spermacoce natalensis	Rubiaceae		Umabophe	Leaf, Bark, Root		Hypertension
Stangeria eriopus	Zamiaceae		Umfigwani	Leaf, Root		Hypertension
Trifolium africanum	Fabaceae		Wildeklawer	Whole plant	Infusion	Hypertension
Turraea floribunda	Meliaceae		Umadlozane	Bark, Leaf, Root	Infusion	Hypertension
Valeriana capensis	Valerianaceae		Wildebalderjan	Rhizome, Root		Hypertension
Pelargonium antidysentericum	Geraniaceae		Rooistorm	Root		Diabetes		[143]
Pteronia divaricata	Asteraceae				Tea	Diabetes	[144]
Elaeodendron transvaalense	Celastraceae			Stem bark	Tea	Diabetes
Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov	Canellaceae	Pepperbark tree	Peperbasboom, isibhaha			Diabetes	[145]
Lannea edulis Sond.	Anacardiaceae	Wild grape	Pheho, muporotso	bark	Decoction	Diabetes
Kedrostis nana	Cucurbitaceae		Kalmoes, Serekola	Root, Tuber	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension	[146,147]
Herichrysum odoratissimum	Asteraceae		Imphepho	Whole plant	Crushing, Boiling, Infusion	Diabetes	[53]
Herichrysum nudifolium	Asteraceae		Ichocholo	Leaf, Root	Boiling	Diabetes
Herichrysum petiolare	Asteraceae		Imphepho	Whole plant	Crushing, Boiling	Diabetes
Bulbine frutescens	Apocynaceae		Ibhucu	Root	Boiling, Infusion	Diabetes
Heteromorphica arborescens	Apiaceae		Umbangandlala	Leaf, Root	Boiling	Diabetes
Chilianthus olearaceus	Buddlejaceae		Umgeba	Leaf, Twig	Infusion	Diabetes
Athrixia phylicoides	Asteraceae	Bush tea			Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart problems	[148]
Aloe microstigma Salm-Dyck	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Bitteraalwyn, aalwyn	Leaf		Diabetes	[149]
Asclepias crispa	Apocynaceae		witvergeet, witstorm	Root	Decocotion	Diabetes
Aspalathus linearis	Fabaceae				Infusion	Hypertension
Dittrichia graveolens	Asteraceae		kakiebos	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension
Pteronia cinerea	Asteraceae		boegoe	Leaf	infusion	Diabetes
Salvia dentata Aiton	Lamiaceae		bloublomsalie	Leaf	infusion	Diabetes
Viscum capense	Viscaceae		groen voëlent	Stem	infusion	Diabetes
Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Codd	Apocynaceae		Inhlungunyemba			Diabetes	[147]
Acorus calamus L.	Acoraceae		Kalmoes		Infusion
Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl	Passifloraceae		Uthangazane
Aloe greatheadii (Schonland)	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Spotted aloe	Transvaalaalwyn, grasaalwyn	Leaf	Decoction
Aloe maculata All.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Soap aloe	bontaalwyn	Leaf
Arctopus echinatus L.	Apiaceae		Platdoring	Root
Asclepias crispa P.J. Bergius	Apocynaceae		Witvergif, witvergeet
Asclepias fruticosa L.	Apocynaceae	African milkweed	ulusinga, lwesalukazi	Dried roots	Infusion
Brachylaena elliptica (Thunb.) DC.	Asteraceae	Bitter-leaf, bitterleafed silver oak, fire sticks	Uhlunguhlungu, isiduli, isagqeba	Leaf	Decoction
Brachylaena ilicifolia (Lam.) Phill. and Schweick.	Asteraceae	Small bitter-leaf	Fynbitterblaar, igqeba	Leaf	Decoction
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill	Phyllanthaceae	Coastal goldenleaf	mitserie, bruin stinhhout	Bark	Decoction
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam.	Scrophulariaceae	Sagewood, butterfly bush	igwangi, iloshane, ilothane, mupambati
Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Spreng.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Red carrot	rooiwortel	root
Cnicus benedictus L.	Asteraceae	Holy thistle			Infusion
Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter	Asteraceae		Kakiebos	Leaf, twigs	infusion
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.	Sapindaceae	Sand olive	sandolien, ysterbos	leaf	Boiling
Empodium plicatum (Thunb.) Garside	Hypoxidaceae	Golden star
Eriocephalus ericoides (L.f.) Druce	Asteraceae		Kapokbos, wilderoosmaryn
Eriocephalus punctulatus DC.	Asteraceae	Wild rosemary	kapokbos	Leaf	Decoction
Eriocephalus tenuifolius DC.	Asteraceae		Sehalahala-sa-matlaka
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.	Myrtaceae	Lemon-scented gum			Extract
Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Gürke	Ebenaceae	Guarri bush	idungamuzi, umgwali	Root	Powder
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton	Euphorbiaceae		Harige kruipmelkkruid
Galium tomentosum Thunb	Rubiaceae		Rooihoutjie	Root
Gazania krebsiana Less	Asteraceae		Gousblom, botterblom	leaf	Decoction
Grewia flavescens Juss.	Malvaceae	Sandpaper raisin	Mopharantshone	Roots
Grewia villosa Willd.	Malvaceae	Mallow raisin	Mopharantshone	Roots
Gomphrena celosioides Mart.	Amaranthaceae	Soft khaki weed	Lebolomo la naga	Roots
Haplocarpha scaposa Harv.	Asteraceae	False gerbera	melktou	Leaf, roots	Extract
Helichrysum caespititium (DC.) Sond. ex Harv.	Asteraceae		Mokgata	Whole plant	Infusion
Hermannia cuneifolia Jacq.	Malvaceae		Wilde heuning, geneesbossie	Leaf	Infusion
Hermannia pinnata L.	Malvaceae	Doll’s rose	kwaasblaar, kruip poprosie
Hoodia currori (Hook.) Decne.	Apocynaceae	Hoodia cactus, bitter ghap	bergghaap, bokhorings	Stem
Inula graveolens (L.) Desf.	Asteraceae		Khakibos	Foliage
Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden	Asteraceae		Vaalbos
Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn.	Cucurbitaceae		Bojaankamoo
Limeum aethiopicum Burm. f.	Limeaceae		Koggelmandervoet, boesmandagga		Infusion
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta.	Asparagaceae		Setsusha	Leaf
Mimulus gracilis R.Br.	Phrymaceae				Decoction
Morella serrata (Lam.) Killick	Myricaceae	Lance-Leafd strawberry, waxberry	Iyethi, ulethi, umakhuthula	Root	Decoction
Notobubon galbanum (L.) Magee	Apiaceae	Berg celery, blister bush	bergseldery	Foliage
Nymphaea caerulea Savigny	Nymphaeaceae	Blue water lily	blouwaterlelie	Seeds
Opuntia vulgaris Mill.	Cactaceae	Prickly pear		Leaf	Decocotion
Pegolettia baccharidifolia Less.	Asteraceae		Ghwarrieson, gwarrieson, heuningdou	Foliage
Pentzia incana (Thunb.) Kuntze	Asteraceae		ankerkaroo, kleinskaapkaroobos
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims	Pittosporaceae		Umkhwenkhwe	Bark
Portulacaria afra Jacq	Didiereaceae		Spekbosb, spekboomblareb,		Eaten
Pteronia cinerea L.f.	Asteraceae		Boegoe, silverboegoe	Leaf	Infusion
Salix mucronata Thunb.	Salicaceae		Rivierwilger, rivierwiller	Foliage
Salvia africana-lutea L.	Lamiaceae	Red sage		Foliage
Salvia dentata Aiton	Lamiaceae	Toothed sage	bergsalie, blousalie		Syrup
Salvia microphylla Kunth	Lamiaceae		Rooiblomsalie, pienblomsalie
Stachys hyssopoides Burch. ex Benth	Lamiaceae	Hyssop-Leafd hedge nettle
Thesium lineatum L.f. LEP	Santalaceae	Black storm	swartstrom	Root
Tinospora fragosa Verdoorn & Troupin	Menispermaceaea	Aaron’s rod	Makgonatsohle	Leaf and stem	Boiling
Viscum capense L. f.	Santalaceae	Cape mistletoe	groen voelent, taaibos	Stem	Infusion
Viscum continuum E. Mey. ex Sprague	Santalaceae		Voëlent, litjiestee		Infusion
Alepidea amatymbica	Apiaceae	Larger tinsel flower	Igwili/Umvuthuza, Ikhathazo	Rhizome, Roots	Powder	Hypertension, Obesity	[99,140]
Cissampelos capensis	Menispermaceae	David root	Umayisake, Idabulitye, Fynblaarklimop, Dawidtjiewortel	Leaf, Roots	Crushing, Infusion	Diabetes, Heart problem, Hypertension, Obesity	[7,99,140,142,147,150]
Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen	Amaranthaceae	Sugar beet	Umvawenyathi, Hondebossie	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes, Obesity	[140,147]
Leonotis ocymifolia	Lamiaceae		Umuncwane, Wildedagga	Whole plant	Crushing, Boiling, Infusion
Leonotis leonurus	Lamiaceae		Umunyamunya Umfincafincane Wilde dagga	Bulb, Leaf, Root, Flower, Stem, Whole plant	Crushing, Boiling, Infusion, Decoction	Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, Other Cardiovascular ailments	[2,7,99,140,143,149]
Carpobrotus edulis (L.)	Aizoaceae	Sour fig, Cape fig, Hottentot’s fig	Lepolomo la go naba, Suurvye, Hotnotsvye, Vyerank, Kaapvy	Leaf, Fruit, Sap	Juice, Decoction	Diabetes	[141,143,147,149]
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Cactaceae	Indian pear, Indian fig, Sweet prickly pear	Motloro, Umthelekisi,	Leaf, Root	Cooking, Crushing, Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,141,147]
Agathosma betulina	Rutaceae		iBuchu, Regteboegoe	Leaf, Stem	Infusion	Hypertension	[7,99]
Rhoicissus digitata	Vitaceae		Uchithithibuna, UmNangwazi	Bulb, Tuber	Infusion
Geranium incanum Burm.f.	Geraniaceae		Tlako, Vrouetee	Leaf, Stem	Boiling, Decoction	Heart problem, Hypertension
Gunnera perpensa	Gunneracea	River pumpkin, Wild rhubarb	iPhuzi lomlambo, Qobo, Igobho	Bulb, Leaf, Root, Rhizome	Infusion, Decoction	Diabetes, High cholesterol	[7,147]
Lichtensteinia lacera Cham. & Schltdl.	Apiaceae		iQwili, Kaalmoes, Kalmiswortel	Leaf, bulb, Stem	Boiling, Infusion	Chest complaints, Diabetes, Hypertension	[7,99,143]
Ruta graveolens L.	Rutaceae	Rue, Common rue, Herb-of-grace	Gwabeni or iVendrit, Wynruit, Wynruik	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, Heart disease, Hypertension	[7,99,147,149]
Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br.	Fabaceae	Cancer bush	UmNwele, Petola, Lerumo-lamadi, Koorsbos, Kalkoentjiebos	Leaf	Boiling, Infusion, Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[7,149,151,152]
Tulbaghia violacea Harv.	Amaryllidaceae	Wild garlic	Itswele lomlambo, Wilde knoffel	Bulbs, Leaf, Root, Rhizome	Boiling, Infusion, Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart problems, High cholesterol	[7,99,143,147]
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forrsk.	Celastraceae		Umhlwazi	Leaf	Maceration	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,142]
Chironia baccifera L.	Gentianaceae	Christmas berry	Bitterbos, Aambeibossie	Leaf, Whole plant	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes	[142,147,149]
Acokanthera oppositifolia	Apocynaceae		Inhlungunyembe	Leaf, Stem, Root	Maceration	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,147]
Commelina africana	Commelinaceae	Yellow Commelina	Idangabane, Geeleendagsblom	Whole plant	Decoction
Helichrysum crispum	Asteraceae		Hotnotskooigoed, Kooigoedbos	Leaf	Infusion
Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez	Primulaceae	Cape beech	iKhubalwane, Boekenhout	Bark
Teedia lucida	Scrophulariaceae		Hlwenya, Stinkbos
Urtica urens	Urticaceae			Leaf	Infusion, Decoction
Albertisia delagoensis	Menispermaceae		Umgandaganda, Ohumane	Leaf, Stem, Root, Rhizome	Decoction, Boiling	Hypertension	[99,153]
Carpobrotus dimidiatus	Mesembryanthemaceae		Ikhambi lamabulawo	Leaf, Stem, Fruit	Decoction
Citrullus lanatus	Curcurbitaceae		Bitterwaatlemoen, Ibhece	Fruit, Seed, Leaf	Decoction. Tea
Cladostemon kirkii	Capparaceae		umThekwini, Usdumbo	Stem, Bark, Root	Maceration, Decoction
Hyphaene coriacea	Arecaceae		iLala	Root
Hypoxis argentea	Hypoxidaceae		Inongwe, Labateka	Corm, Tuber	Decoction
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng.	Verbanaceae		Umsuzwane	Leaf	Decoction
Ozoroa engleri	Anacardiaceae		Isifico, Isfico	Leaf, Bark, Root	Decoction
Ptaeroxylon obliquum	Rutaceae		umThathi, Umsango	Root	Maceration
Sarcophyte sanguinea	Balanophoraceae		Umvumbuka, Umavumbuka	Stem, Root, Whole plant	Decoction, Infusion
Sarcostemma viminale	Apocynaceae		Umbelebele, Umbhelebhele	Stem, Aerial parts, Twigs	Infusion
Senecio serratuloides	Asteraceae		Ichazampukane, Unsukumbili	Leaf, Stem	Decoction
Strychnos madagascariensis	Strychnaceae		umkwakwa	Seed, Fruit, Bark, Root	Powder
Tetradenia riparia	Lamiaceae		Ibozane	Leaf, Seed	Decoction
Ballota africana	Lamiaceae		Kattekruide, Kattekruid, Salie	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,143,147]
Chrysocoma ciliata	Asteraceae		Kaalsiektebos, Bitterbos	Leaf, Root	Decoction
Lessertia frutescens	Fabaceae	Cancer bush, Balloon pea	Umnwele, Kankerbos, Bitterbos, Kiertjies, Blaasiebos	Leaf, Shoot	Decoction, infusion
Cadaba aphylla	Capparaceae		Bobbejaanarm, Swartstorm, Stormwortela, Swartstorm	Leaf, Stem, Root	Infusion		[99,143,147]
Convolvulus capensis	Convolvulaceae		Skaapklimop, Bitterpatat	Bulb	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,143]
Crassula muscosa	Crassulaceae		Skoenvetebos, Akkedisbos	Leaf, Stem, Root, Flower	Decoction
Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Koek.	Compositae		Ranosterbos	Leaf, Stem
Euryops abrotanifolius	Asteraceae		Bergharpuisbos, Harpuisbos	Leaf, Stem
Hoodia gordonii	Apocynaceae		Bobbejaanghaap, Bitterghaap	Leaf, Stem
Diosma oppositifolia	Rutaceae		Bitterboegoe, Skaapbos	Leaf, Stem, Flower		Hypertension
Salvia africana-caerulea	Lamiaceae		Wildesalie, Blousalie, Blou blomsalie	Twig, Leaf	Infusion
Sceletium tortuosum	Aizoaceae		Tandtrekbos, Kougoed	Leaf, Root
Conyza scabrida	Asteraceae		Umanzimnyama, Vleiwilger, Fonteinbos, Medisynebos	Leaf, Foliage	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes Hypertension	[99,147,149]
Elytropappus rhinocerotis	Asteraceae	Rhinosaurous bush	Renosterbos, Anosterbos, Bergrenoster, Vaalrenoster	Leaf	Decoction, Infusion
Dicoma capensis	Asteraceae		Koorsbossie, Hosabie, Baarbos, Kaarmadik, Sandsalie	Leaf, Root, Twig	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,149]
Euclea undulata	Ebenaceae		Inkunzane	Bark, Root, Whole plant	Infusion, Tea	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,144]
Warburgia salutaris	Canellaceae	Pepperbark tree	Isibhaha	Stem Bark, Root
Hypoxis colchicifolia Baker	Hypoxidaceae		IIabatheka, Inongwe	Bulb, Corm	Boiling, Crushing	Diabetes, Hypertension	[53,99]
Searsia burchellii	Anacardiaceae		Karookoeniebos, Taaibos	Leaf, Stem, Root	Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,143]
Mentha longifolia	Lamiaceae	Wild mint	Ufuthanalomhlanaga, Ballerja	Leaf, Stem	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,143,147,149]
Schkuhria pinnata	Asteraceae	Dwarf Mexican Marigold	Ruhwahwa, Kleinkakiebos	Whole plant, Leaf, Root	Boiling, Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension	[99,144,147]
Gnidia deserticola	Thymelaeaceae		Koorsbos	Leaf, Stem, Root		Diabetes	[143]
Tagetes minuta	Asteraceae		Koebiebos	Leaf
Tylecodon paniculatus	Crassulaceae		Bees se bal	Leaf, Stem
Bulbine natalensis Baker	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Ibhucu, Rooiwortel	Leaf, Stem, Root	Boiling, Infusion	Diabetes	[53,154]
Lupinus termis L.	Papilionaceae		Tormos, Tumus	Seeds, Fruit		Diabetes	Sudan	[155,156]
Combretum sp.	Combretaceae		Habeil					[157]
Solenostemma argel (Del.)	Asclepiadaceae		Hargel	Leaf		Diabetes
Geigeria alata Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern.	Compositae		Gud-gat, Gadad, Al Gadad	Whole plant, Aerial part, Root	Decoction, Infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension		[156,158,159]
Bauhinia reticulata DC.	Fabaceae		Khroob	Fruit	Maceration	Hypertension		[159]
Blepharis linanifolia	Acanthaceae		Bagail	Aerial part	Maceration, infusion	Diabetes, Hypertension
Boswellia papynifera	Burseraceae		Tarag tarag	Bark	Maceration	Diabetes
Cymbopogan schoenanthus (L.)	Poaceae		Mahraib	Aerial part	Maceration, infusion
Maerua pseudopetalosa	Capparaceae		Kurdala	Root	Mastication	Diabetes, Hypertension
Sonchus cornutus	Compositae		Moleata	Leaf	Infusion	Diabetes
Bauhinia rufescens	Fabaceae		Kulkul	Leaf		Diabetes		[156]
Catunaregam nilotica	Rubiaceae		Kir Kir	Fruit
Cicer arietinum L.	Fabaceae		Kabkabe	Seed
Cinnamomum verum	Lauraceae		Gerfa	Stem bark
Cyperus rotundus L.	Cyperaceae		Sieda	Rhizome
Faidherbia albida	Fabaceae		Haraz	Root bark
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	Apiaceae		Shamar	Fruit
Rhynchosia minima	Fabaceae		Irg el Dam	Root
Senna obtusifolia	Caesalpiniaceae		Kawal	Leaf
Zygophyllum coccineum L.	Zygophyllaceae		Tartir	Whole plant
Hibiscus rabdariffa L.	Malvaceae		Karkade	Sepals	Maceration, Decoction	Hypertension		[160]
Aloe sinkatana Reynolds	Xanthorrhoeaceae		Sabar, Al-Sabar	Leaf	Mucilaginous, Paste	Diabetes		[156,157,160]
Salvadora persica L.	Salvadoraceae		Arak, Al-Miswak	Fruits, Stem, Leaf	Maceration	Hypertension		[157,160]
Tinospora bakis	Menispermaceae		Bun balash/irg alhagar, Irg El Haggar	Root, Seed	Maceration, infusion	Diabetes		[156,159]
Aloe saponaria	Asphodelaceae		Lihala	Leaf	Decoction	Cardiac problems	Swaziland	[161]
Vernonia glabra	Asteraceae		Linyatselo	Root	Decoction	Diabetes		[53,161]
Ozoroa reticulate (Bak.f.)	Anacardiaceae		Nago	Root, Stem bark	Boiling	Hypertension	Tanzania	[162]
Cissus rotundifolia	Vitaceae		Chazi	Leaf	Juice	Heart troubles
Aerangis flabellifolia	Orchidaceae		Kinmba	Roots	Decoction	Heart diseases		[163]
Sterculia appendiculata K. Schum	Sterculiaceae		Mgude	Stem bark	Decoction	Diabetes		[164]
				Leaf		Cardiac pains
Cymbopogon citrullus	Poaceae	Lemongrass	Mchaichai	Leaf, Stem, Oil	Extract	Diabetes		[165]
Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud.) J.F.Gmel.	Rosaceae	African redwood, East African rosewood	Enjani engashe	Flower and Leaf	Extract
Afzelia quanzensis Pers.	Caesalpiniodeae		Mkola	Roots, bark		Stroke		[166]
Albizia harveyi Fourn.	Mimosoideae		Mupogolo	Roots, Leaf		Hypertension
Boscia salicifolia Oliv.	Capparidaceae		Muguluka	Roots, bark		Stroke
Dalbergia nitidula Bak.	Papilionoideae		Kafinulambasa			Diabetes
Ekebergia benguelensis DC.	Meliaceae		Mutuzya	Roots, Leaf, bark		Hypertension
Pericopsis angolensis (Bak.)	Papilionoideae		Mubanga, Muvunga	Roots, Leaf, bark		Stroke
Vitex mombassae Vatke	Lamiaceae		Mutalali, Musungwi	Roots, Leaf		Diabetes
Xylopia odoratissima Oliv.	Annonaceae		Mushenene
Elaeodendron schlechteranum (Loes.)	Celastraceae		Chihusilo, Ngakama	Stem bark, Root, Decoction	Boiling	Cardiovascular problems, Hypertension		[162,167]
Deinbollia borbonica Scheff.	Sapindaceae		Mpwakapwaka, Mwenda kuzimu, Mmoyomoyo, Mkuyu, Muhunge	Fresh Leaf, Root	Soup	Diabetes, Increased heart beat		[168,169]
Vepris glomerata (F. Hoffm.)	Rutaceae		Mulungusigiti	Roots, Leaf		Diabetes, Stroke		[63,166]
Aspilia mossambiscensis (Oliv.) Wild	Compositae			Leaf	Boiling, Decoction	Diabetes		[169]
Bridelia duvigneaudii J. Leonard	Euphorbiaceae		Msalasi	Roots	Boiling
Cyphomandra crassifolia Kuntze	Solanaceae		Mtomatoma	Seeds	Powder
Cyphostemma junceum (Bak.) Descoings	Vitaceae		Mhogo mwitu	Roots
Dioscorea praehensilis Benth.	Dioscoriaceae		Amasoma	Tuber	Cooking
Ficus fischeri Mildbr. & Burr.	Moraceae		Mvila	Stem bark	Boiling
Maprounea africana Müll. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae		Mtunu	Roots	Decoction
Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax	Phyllanthaceae		Mwana	Roots	Decoction
Sorindeia madagascariensis DC.	Anacardiaceae		Mpilipili	Roots	Boiling
Uvariopsis bisexualis Verdc.	Annonaceae		Ntaa	Roots, Leaf	Decoction
Chassalia umbraticola Vatke	Rubiaceae		Mkangaa
Ochna confusa Burtt Davy and Greenway	Ochnaceae		Mnungamo	Root, bark
Warburgia stuhlmannii Engl.	Canellaceae		Sokonoi	Root and bark
Terminalia mollis M. Laws	Combretaceae		Mkelenge	Stem bark
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.	Rutaceae		Mjafari, oloisuki	Root and bark
Acacia kirkii Oliv.	Mimosaceae		Mgunga
Acacia tortilis (Forsk) Hayne	Mimosaceae		Kikwesa, chikwesa	Roots
Albizzia anthelmintica Brogn.	Mimosaceae		Mkutani	Roots
Bridelia micrantha Bertol	Euphorbiaceae		Kitovutovu	Roots
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb	Caesalpiniaceae		Msoro, mkomve
Cyanoglosum lanceolatum Forsk	Boraginaceae		Kifasa	Roots
Cyphostemma buchananii (Planch.) Desc. ex Wild & R. B.Drumm.	Vitaceae		Kigugire, kigugile kidogo	Roots and Leaf
Diospyros loureiroana G.Don	Ebenaceae		Mgoto Syn.	Roots
Lannea schimperi (A.Rich.)	Anacardiaceae		Mbumbu nyika	Stem bark
Markhamia obtusifolia Bak Spragne	Bignoniaceae		Myuyu
Piliostigma tortuosum (Collett & Hemsl.) Thothathri	Fabaceae		Milneedh
Raphia hookeri	Arecaceae		Bambou			Hypertension	Togo	[170]
Combretum molle	Combretaceae		Kizizikou			Hypertension
Monotes kerstingii	Dipterocarpaceae		Sere			Diabetes
Lonchocarpus cyanescens	Fabaceae		Tchele			Diabetes
Piliostigma thonningii			Bakou			Diabetes, Hypertension
Xeroderris stuhlmannii			Tchalawari			Diabetes, Hypertension
Hyptis suaveolens	Lamiaceae		Botifadini			Hypertension
Securinega virosa	Phyllanthaceae		Tchakatchaka			Diabetes, Hypertension
Ficus sur Forssk.	Moraceae		Kilimaou	Root	Powder	Hypertension		[171]
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)	Asclepiadaceae		Kponkeke, Kpankeke			Diabetes		[172]
Lactuca taraxacifolia (Willd.)	Asteraceae		Anonto	Root	Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension
Alternanthera penguns	Amaranthaceae		Agbaklin	Whole plant	Decoction	Diabetes		[173]
Dracaena arborea	Agavaceae		Agnanti	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Anchomanes welwitschii	Araceae		Haduku	Rhizome	Decoction	Diabetes
Mondia whitei	Asclepiadaceae		Kanabo	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Conyza aegyptiaca	Asteraceae		Dagnigbe Ahlonme	Whole plant	Decoction	Diabetes
Launaea taraxacifolia	Asteraceae		Anonto		Decoction	Diabetes
Sida linifolia	Malvaceae		Odoe-Ogbougbo	Whole plant	Decoction	Diabetes
Tiliacora warneckei	Menispermaceae		Katokpan	Root	Decoction	Diabetes
Cocoloba uvifera	Polygonaceae		Raisin de mer	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Paulinia pinnata	Sapindaceae		Agbatsalika	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Solanum aethiopicum	Solanaceae		Agbissan	Leaf + Fruit	Decoction	Diabetes
Tectona grandis	Verbenaceae		Tecti	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes
Terminalia glaucescens	Combretaceae		Anagossitou, Souwadaou	Leaf	Decoction	Diabetes		[170,173]
Millettia thonningii (Schum. & Thonn.) Baker	Fabaceae		kodoliya	Root	Powder, Decoction	Diabetes, Hypertension		[170,171]
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.	Burseraceae		Muwafu, Empafu, Mbafu	Seed, Bark	Decoction, Pasting, Chewing	Cardiovascular condition, Hypertension, Diabetes	Uganda	[38,174]
Garcinia buchananii Baker	Clusiaceae		Musali, Ensali, Nsaala	Bark, Leaf, Roots	Decoction, Pounding	Cardiovacular condition, Diabetes, Hypertension
Tragia benthamii Baker	Euphobiaceae		Kamyu	Root	Pounding	Hypertension		[38]
Acacia constricta Benth.	Fabaceae		Muwelamanyo		Decoction	Diabetes
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.			Muzimbandeya			Hypertension, Diabetes
Ficus cyathistipula Warb.	Moraceae		Mubembe	Leaf	Decoction	Hypertension
Morella kandtiana (Engl.)	Myricaceae		Mukikimbo	Roots	Chewing	Hernia of the heart
Oxalis corniculata L.	Oxalidaceae		Kajjampuni	Leaf		Hypertension, Diabetes
Aframomum anguistifolium	Zingiberaceae		Mantugulu	Roots	Pounding	Obesity
Pancovia sp.	Sapindaceae			Stem, Roots	Pounding	Heart-related problems		[175]
Senencio nandensis	Asteraceae		Kisenda	Leaf	Decoction	Hypertension		[31]
Hallea rubrostipulata	Rubiaceae		Muziku	Roots		Diabetes
Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.	Poaceae		Ejubwa	Fresh leaf	Chewing, Decoction	Heart disease		[176]
Musa sp.	Musaceae		Bitooke	Fresh fruit, Fresh leaf	Decoction	Hypertension
Zanthoxylum gilletii (De wild.)	Rutaceae		Mutatembwa	Fresh stem bark	Infusion
Solanum anguivi	Solanaceae		Katunkuma, Obujabara	Fruit	Eating, Boiling, Pounding, Tea	Hypertension		[38,176]
Morus nigra	Moraceae			Whole	Eat as fresh fruit	Diabetes	Zambia	[177]
Cucurbita pepo	Cucurbitaceae			Seeds	Roasting, Pounding
Ziziphus abyssinica	Rhamnaceae			Roots	Maceration
Azaza garckeana	Malvaceae			Roots and fruit	Eating, Maceration
Solanum aculeastrum	Solanaceae			Root	Maceration
Eleusine coracana	Poaceae			Whole