Haematopoietic stem cells	HSCs
Extracellular matrix	ECM
Pericellular matrix	PCM
Vascular endothelial growth factor	VEGF
Osteoarthritis	OA
Transforming growth factor-beta	TGF-ß
Activin-like kinase	ALK
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog	SMAD
Interleukin	IL
Tumour necrosis factor-α	TNF-α
Matrix metalloproteinases	MMPs
Frizzled	Fz
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein	LRP
Bone mineral content	BMC
Bone mineral density	BMD
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin	OPG
parathyroid hormone	PTH
Nuclear factor of activated T cells	NFATc1
TNF-receptor associated factor 6	TRAF6
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase	TRAP
Osteoclast-associated receptor	OSCAR
Peak Bone Mass	PBM
Height velocity	HV
Osteogenesis imperfecta	OI
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus	jSLE
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	JIA
Inflammatory bowel disease	IBD
Glucocorticoid	GC
Proton pump inhibitors	PPI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	SSRI
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	DXA
Areal bone mineral density	aBMD
Lumbar spine	LS
Whole body less head	WBLH
Quantitative computed tomography	QCT
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography	pQCT
Volumetric bone mineral density	vBMD
Magnetic resonance imaging	MRI
World Health Organization	WHO
Standard deviations	SDs
International Society for Clinical Densitometry	ISCD
Vertebral fractures	VFs
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	DMD
Juvenile dermatomyositis	JDM
Nonvertebral fractures	non-VFs
Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Paediatric Population	STOPP
Systemic JIA	sJIA
Nuclear factor-κB	NF-κB
Dickkopf1 and 2	DKK1 and DKK2
Soluble Frizzled-related proteins	sFRPs
RUNX family transcription factor 2/core-binding transcription factor 1	Runx2/Cbfa1
Methotrexate	MTX
Janus Kinase	JAK
Interferon-Ɣ	IFN-Ɣ
T regulatory (Treg); cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4	CTLA-4
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies	ACPA
Rheumatoid factor	RF
11 β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase	11β-HSD
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor	M-CSF
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma receptor 2	PPARγ2
Growth hormone (GH)–insulin growth factor	IGF1
Body mass index	BMI
Recombinant human GH	rhGH
Cross-sectional area	CSA
Bisphosphonates	BPs
Phosphate–carbon–phosphate	PCP
Adenosine triphosphate	ATP
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	FPP
Randomized control trials	RCTs
Osteonecrosis of the jaw	ONJ
Recommended daily allowance	RDA