3D_rGO	three–dimensional reduced graphene oxide;
AdS–DPV	adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry;
AdSV	adsorptive stripping voltammetry;
AdS–LSV	adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetry;
AdS–SWV	adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry;
Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIGE	TiO2 modified with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and silver nanoparticles deposited onto laser induced graphene electrode;
AgNPs/S-f–G	silver nanoparticles/sulfonate functionalized graphene;
Amp	amperometry;
Anti–CAP/HGNS/CHIT	CAP antibody/hollow gold nanospheres/chitosan;
Anti–CAP/PVA–co–PE NFM	CAP antibody covalently immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofibrous membrane;
Apt–MIP(Res)/AgNPs/3–ampy–rGO	aminoaptamer-molecularly imprinted polyresorcinol/silver nanoparticles/3–aminoethyl functionalized reduced graphene oxide;
Apt/[NH2–Si]–f–GO/AgNPs	aptamer/graphene oxide functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane/silver nanoparticles;
Apt/PCN–222/GO/AuE	aptamer–zirconium–porphyrin metalorganic framework/graphene oxide modified gold electrode;
AuNPs	gold nanoparticles;
AuNPs/C3N4/G	gold nanoparticles/carbon nitride/graphene;
AuNPs/GO	gold nanoparticles/graphene oxide;
AuNPs/N–G	gold nanoparticles decorated nitrogen–doped graphene;
BDD(E)	boron doped diamond (electrode);
BiOI/G	bismuth oxyiodide/graphene;
Bi2S3@GCN	bismuth trisulfide–graphitic carbon nitride hybrid-based core–shell nanomaterials;
BM–PCE	biomass derived porous carbon electrode;
β–CD/CMK-3@PDA	β–cyclodextrin/ordered mesoporous carbon@polydopamine;
CF(ME)	carbon fiber (microelectrode);
Cl–rGO	chlorine doped reduced graphene oxide;
CL–Ho3+/Co3O4-NFlos	carnation like holmium doped Co3O4 nanoflowers;
c-SWCNH	carboxylic group-functionalized single–walled carbon nanohorns;
CNTs/en/AuNPs	carbon nanotubes/ethylenediamine/gold nanoparticles;
Co3O4@rGO	cobalt oxide nanocrystals on reduced graphene oxide;
CP(E)	carbon paste (electrode);
CSM@VSM	cylindrical surfactant micelles and vertical silica mesochannels;
CTAB	cetyltrimethylammonium bromide;
CuNDs/MWCNTs	copper nanodendrites/multi–walled carbon nanotubes;
CV	cyclic voltammetry;
DME	dropping mercury electrode;
DMF	dimethylformamide;
DPP	differential pulse polarography;
DPV	differential pulse voltammetry;
EIS	electrochemical impedance spectroscopy;
ENC–800	exfoliated metalorganic framework–derived N–doped honeycomb cavernous carbon;
EPC	exfoliated porous carbon;
Eu2O3NPs@rGO	Eu2O3 nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide;
ET	electrochemically pretreated;
Fe/NC	nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles decorated with iron;
Fe3O4–CMC@AuNPs	magnetite nanostructures stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose and decorated with gold nanoparticles;
Fe3O4@G/MSPE	graphene-iron oxide nanoparticles modified magnetic screen-printed electrode;
Fe3O4mNPs	Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles;
FGE	flexible graphene electrode;
FIA-AD	flow injection analysis with amperometric detection;
g–C3N4/MnWO4	graphitic carbon nitride/manganese tungstate;
G	graphene;
Gd2(MoO4)3@rG	gadolinium molybdate nanosheets–reduced graphene nanocomposite;
G/CuPc	graphene–copper phthalocyanine;
GC(E)	glassy carbon (electrode);
GNFls	graphene nanoflakes;
GO	graphene oxide;
GO/ZnO	graphene oxide/three-dimensional hierarchical zinc oxide nanocomposite;
GO/PdNPs	palladium nanoparticles decorated with graphene oxide;
ITO(E)	indium tin oxide (electrode);
LIG(E)	laser induced graphene (electrode);
LSV	linear sweep voltammetry;
MIL–101(Cr)/XC-72	Material Institute Lavoisier–101(Cr)—a metalorganic framework constructed by chromium ion and terephthalate ligands/a kind of carbon black hybrid;
MIO@NG	magnetic iron oxide embed nitrogen–doped graphene nanohybrid;
MIP	molecularly imprinted polymer;
MIP(EBT)	molecularly imprinted poly(Eriochrome black T);
MIP(5-IAA)/(Pt-Pd)NPs/P N-G	molecularly imprinted poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)/dendritic platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles/porous N-doped graphene;
MIP(MAA)	molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid);
MIP(MAA)/3D_CNTs@CuNPs	molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid)/three–dimensional carbon nanotubes–copper nanoparticles composite;
Mn2O3@CCH	manganese oxide supported on carbon modified halloysite nanotube composite;
Mn2O3TNSs	manganese oxide tiny nanostructures;
MoN@S–GCN	molybdenum nitride nanorods sulfur–doped graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite;
MoS2–CB	molybdenum disulfide–carbon black;
MoS2/f–MWCNTs	molybdenum disulfide nanosheets coated on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes;
MoS2–IL/GO	MoS2–ionic liquids/graphene oxide;
MoS2/PANI	molybdenum disulfide/polyaniline nanocomposite;
MoS2/SDPANI	MoS2 intercalated by self-doped polyaniline;
MRLs	maximum residue limits;
MRPL	minimum required performance limit;
MS	mass spectrometry;
MWCNT	multiwalled carbon nanotube;
MWCNTs/CTAB/PDPA	multiwalled carbon nanotubes/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/ poly(diphenylamine);
MWCNTs@MIP/P–rGO/CKM–3	multiwalled carbon nanotubes –molecularly imprinted polymer/porous reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous carbon;
NiCo2O4@C	hollow NiCo2O4 and carbon composite;
NC	nanocube;
ND	nanodendrite;
NF	nanofiber;
NFl	nanoflake;
NFlo	nanoflower;
NPs	nanoparticle;
N–PC@MoS2	MoS2 nanosheets on nitrogen doped seaweed–derived porous carbon;
NW	nanowire;
OMC/Nafion	ordered mesoporous carbon/Nafion composite film;
OMIMPF6/AuNPs/SWCNTs	1–octyl–3–methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate film/gold nanoparticles/single–walled carbon nanotubes composite;
P(3-MTF)	poly(3-methyltiophene);
PC(E)	porous carbon (electrode);
PCN–222–CHIT/PEDOT	zirconium–based porphyrinic metalorganic frameworks—chitosan/poly 3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene;
PDA-VGCF	polydopamine functionalized vapor-grown carbon fiber;
P(EBT)	poly (Eriochrome black T);
PEDOT	poly(3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene);
PG(E)	pencil graphite (electrode);
PhV	photovoltammetry;
RE	rotating electrode;
Pt–Pd NCs/rGO	bimetallic alloyed Pt–Pd nanocubes supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets;
rGO	reduced graphene oxide;
rGO/Cu2S NS	copper sulfite nanosphere decorated reduced graphene oxide;
rGO@NHS@AuNFlos	reduced graphene oxide crosslinked with N-hydroxysuccinimide and functionalized with gold nanoflowers;
rGO/PdNPs	palladium nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide;
Si–Fe/NOMC	iron–nitrogen co–doped ordered mesoporous carbon–silicon nanocomposite;
SPANI–CHIT	sulfonated polyaniline–chitosan composite;
SPE	screen printed electrode;
SPCE	screen printed carbon electrode;
SPGE	screen printed graphene electrode;
SPPtE	screen printed platinum electrode;
Sr–ZnO@rGO	strontium doped zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite;
SSB/CAP/MCH/Apt/PEI–rGO/AuNCs/AuE	6–mercapto–1–hexanol treated SH–aptamer polyethyleneimine–functionalized reduced graphene oxide/gold nanocubes modified gold electrode exposed to CAP and incubated with single-stranded DNA binding protein;
SWCNT	single walled nanotube carbon;
SWV	square wave voltammetry;
tDNA-Apt/SPAuE	thiolated DNA aptamer/screen printed gold electrode;
TiN–rGO	titanium nitride–reduced graphene oxide;
TRP	tetraruthenated porphyrin;
UV-Vis	ultraviolet-visible;
Z–800@rGO	porous carbon material Z-800 obtained from the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF–8–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite;
ZnWO4NWs	zinc tungstate nanowires.