Table 3.
The association between exposure to fungicides and RA development.
| Authors (Years)/Country | Study Design | Gender | Sample Size | Name of Chemicals | aOR (95% CI) | Confounding Variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Roos et al. (2005)/USA [17] |
Case–control | Female | 810 | Fungicides Maneb Thiocarbamates |
0.5 (0.2–1.6) 0.8 (0.2–3.0) 0.4 (0.1–1.4) |
Birth date and state |
| Parks et al. (2016)/USA [20] |
Cohort | Female | 23,841 | Captan Maneb/Mancozeb |
0.75 (0.31–1.8) 2.0 (1.1–3.9) |
Age, state, and pack-years smoking |
| Meyer et al. (2017)/USA [6] |
Case–control | Male | 26,354 | Benomyl Captan Chlorothalonil Maneb Metalaxyl |
0.64 (0.32–1.31) 0.90 (0.57–1.43) 1.27 (0.81–2.01) 0.97 (0.53–1.78) 1.20 (0.77–1.88) |
Age, state of enrollment, pack-years smoking, and education level |
| Koureas et al. (2017)/Greece [21] |
Cross-sectional | Male | 170 | Fungicides | 5.85 (0.82–42.04) | Age, smoker, alcohol consumption, and use of a tractor on a farm |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.