| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| CSS | COVID-19 severity score |
| ED | emergency department |
| HSAE | human small airway epithelial |
| LAP | latency-associated protein |
| MEK | MAP/ERK kinase |
| MEKi | MEK inhibitor |
| RBD | receptor-binding domain |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| TU | transduction units |