Figure 5.

Sympathetic chain ganglionic pathway. The bilaterally symmetric sympathetic chain ganglia are located just ventral and lateral to the spinal cord and run parallel with the thoracic spine. The sympathetic chain ganglionic pathway extends from the upper neck down to the coccyx, forming the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral ganglions. The postganglionic fiber extends to the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, or pelvic cavity, and dysfunctions in many organs can be addressed by different variations of the rib raising techniques. Adapted from Karemaker et al. (2017) [45]. The eighth and the ninth thoracic vertebrae are designated as T8 and T9, respectively. The eighth and ninth thoracic spinal nerves run beneath these vertebrae. The green arrows designate afferent neurons and the brown arrows designate the efferent neurons.