Table 2.
Differences in energy intake in macro and micronutrients among study population (n = 371).
| Diabetic Group n = 106 (28%) |
Control Group n = 73 (20%) |
Prediabetic Group n = 192 (52%) |
F-Value | Adjusted p-Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F = 72(69%) M = 33(31%) |
F = 53 (73%) M = 20 (27%) |
F = 158(82%) M = 34 (17%) |
|||
| Anthropometric data | |||||
| Age | 61.42 | 51.36 | 56.90 | 13.13 | <10−3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.84 | 28.61 | 29.75 | 3.28 | 0.03 |
| WC (cm) | F = 104.76 M = 100.42 |
F = 98.44 M = 96.25 |
F = 98.61 M = 95.14 |
5.62 | <10−3 |
| Energy Intake from macronutrients | |||||
| TEI (Kcal) | 1734.08 | 1896.26 | 1737.08 | 1.44 | 0.23 |
| TEI of Protein (g/Kg/day) | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.94 | 1.21 | 0.29 |
| TEI of Protein (%) | 12.52 | 13.04 | 12.21 | 0.78 | 0.45 |
| TEI of Animal Protein (%) | 4.43 | 12.69 | 8.39 | 1.12 | 0.32 |
| AP/PP | 0.71 | 1.07 | 0.71 | 1.64 | 0.19 |
| TEI of Fat (g/Kg/day) | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 10−3 | 0.99 |
| TEI of Fat (%) | 41.03 | 38.09 | 37.86 | 3.09 | <0.05 |
| TEI of Saturated Fat (%) | 6.19 | 5.98 | 6.18 | 0.16 | 0.84 |
| TEI of Monounsaturated Fat (%) | 18.29 | 16.15 | 16.93 | 1.35 | 0.26 |
| TEI of Polyunsaturated Fat (%) | 7.83 | 8.26 | 7.51 | 0.39 | 0.67 |
| TEI of Sugar (g/Kg/day) | 3.39 | 3.86 | 3.77 | 2.39 | 0.09 |
| TEI of Simple Carbohydrates (%) | 10.28 | 11.67 | 12.02 | 1.01 | 0.36 |
| TEI of Sugar (%) | 43.75 | 46.24 | 47.31 | 4.09 | <0.05 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 20.20 | 20.60 | 17.96 | 1.02 | 0.36 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 155.63 | 204.22 | 134.53 | 3.81 | 0.02 |
| Energy Intake from Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) | |||||
| Vitamin A (µg) | 101.67 | 85.14 | 90.57 | 0.17 | 0.84 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 9.46 | 10.58 | 9.22 | 5.34 | <10−3 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 20.62 | 19.05 | 17.66 | 1.75 | 0.17 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 46.69 | 53.33 | 40.67 | 2.51 | 0.08 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 5.31 | 0.72 | 0.57 | 1.20 | 0.30 |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) (mg) | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.65 | 5.74 | <10−3 |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) (mg) | 9.32 | 11.72 | 8.24 | 3.73 | 0.02 |
| Vitamin B5 (mg) | 3.31 | 3.61 | 2.93 | 4.23 | 0.01 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.99 | 1.17 | 0.91 | 2.43 | 0.09 |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) (µg) | 178.43 | 214.28 | 147.44 | 2.87 | 0.06 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3.95 | 2.58 | 1.50 | 1.47 | 0.23 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 206.44 | 235.37 | 179.36 | 4.30 | 0.01 |
| Calcium (mg) | 228.06 | 327.64 | 270.92 | 2.99 | 0.05 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 719.51 | 841.70 | 650.75 | 3.60 | 0.03 |
| Potassium (mg) | 2059.51 | 2344.87 | 1777.97 | 4.17 | 0.01 |
| Sodium (mg) | 7928.18 | 7779.67 | 7338.97 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
| Total Iron (mg) | 7.36 | 8.25 | 6.29 | 3.37 | 0.03 |
| Zinc (mg) | 5.62 | 6.03 | 4.41 | 5.27 | <10−3 |
| Copper (mg) | 10.03 | 0.84 | 4.58 | 0.95 | 0.38 |
| Manganese (mg) | 2.34 | 2.42 | 2.06 | 1.60 | 0.20 |
| Iodide (µg) | 223.75 | 229.39 | 198.24 | 1.15 | 0.31 |
| Selenium (µg) | 86.91 | 99.30 | 80.96 | 1.76 | 0.17 |
| Water intake (g) | 2127.15 | 2282.41 | 2070.31 | 3.32 | 0.03 |
RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowance, F: Females; M: Males; BMI: Body Mass Index, WC: Waist Circumference, TEI: Total Energy Intake, AP/PP: Animal Protein/Plant Protein, significant p-value < 0.05 are in bold. The F-statistic is simply a ratio of two standard deviations that is determined by an ANOVA test. It determines the significance of the groups of variables.