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. 2022 May 3;14(5):982. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050982

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Molecular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin. NAPDH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; CAT: catalase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; SOD: superoxide dismuthase; PON1: paraoxonase-1; γGCS: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase; GPχ: glutathione peroxidase-χ; HO1: heme oxygenase-1; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL1β: interleukin-1β; IL6: interleukin-6; IL10: interleukin-10; MCP1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIP1α: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α; NQO1: quinone oxidoreductase-1; LOX2: lipoxygenase-2; COX2: cyclooxygenase-2; INOS: nitric oxide synthase.