Table 1.
Maternal characteristics.
| Features | AGA (N = 655) |
SGA (N = 62) |
Early-FGR (N = 132) |
Late-FGR (N = 57) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 33.0 (30–36) | 33.0 (30–37) | 35.0 (30–38) | 33.0 (30–36) |
| Pregestational weight (kg) | 67.0 (60–74) | 56.0 (50–60) | 60.0 (52–70) | 54.0 (41–67) |
| ***, ++ | *** | ***, + | ||
| BMI (kg/m²) | 24.7 (22.5–27.3) | 20.7 (19.1–23.3) | 22.3 (19.1–25.4) | 19.8 (18.5–22.8) |
| ***, + | *** | ***, ++ | ||
| <18 kg/m² | 9 (1.4%) | 6 (9.7%) | 6 (4.5%) | 3 (5.2%) |
| *** | ||||
| >25 kg/m² | 267 (42%) | 8 (12.9%) | 29 (22%) | 6 (10.5%) |
| *** | *** | *** | ||
| Weight gain (kg) | 11.0 (6–16) | 10.0 (8–13) | 8.5 (7–11.5) | 10.0 (8–13) |
| ***, ^ | * | |||
| Weight gain/gestational age at delivery (g/week) | 282.1 (236.8–368.4) | 259.8 (205.1–325) * |
258.3 (95.3–308.4) *** |
263.2(194.4–333.3) |
| Pregnancy | ||||
| Primiparous | 306 (47%) | 39 (63%) | 98 (78%) | 37 (67%) |
| * | ***, ^ | * | ||
| Multiparous | 349 (53%) | 23 (37%) | 28 (22%) | 18 (33%) |
| Conception | ||||
| ART | 0 | 1 (2%) | 11 (9%) | 4 (8%) |
| Spontaneous | 655 (100%) | 56 (98%) | 119 (91%) | 52 (92%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 500 (77%) | 102 (79%) | 102 (80%) | 49 (87%) |
| African | 11 (2%) | 0 | 6 (5%) | - |
| Asian | 65 (10%) | 4 (6.5%) | 10 (8%) | 1 (2%) |
| Middle Eastern | 30 (5%) | 4 (6.5%) | 4 (3%) | 4 (7%) |
| South American | 38 (6%) | 5 (8%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (4%) |
Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range). All the other features are expressed as categorical variables in frequencies and their percentage in the brackets. AGA: Appropriate for Gestational Age. SGA: Small for Gestational Age. FGR: Fetal Growth Restriction. ART: Assisted Reproductive Techniques. BMI: Body Mass Index. * p value < 0.05 vs. AGA; *** p value < 0.001 vs. AGA. ^ p value < 0.05 vs. SGA. + p value < 0.05 vs. early-FGR; ++ p value < 0.01 vs. early-FGR.