3Rs	to replace, reduce, and refine (or replacement, reduction, and refinement of) the use of animal models
ADME	absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
ATSDR	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AUC	area under curve
BMD	benchmark dose, the dose of a chemical that is required to achieve a predetermined response of a toxicological effect
BMD10	derived benchmark dose that is associated with a 10% extra risk of adverse effect in the exposed test animals
BMDL10	the lower bound of 95% confidence interval on BMD10
CFSAN	FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Cmax	the highest concentration of a chemical in the blood or a tissue after a dose is given
CPSC	U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Css	steady-state concentration
DoD	U.S. Department of Defense
EAD	equivalent administered dose
ENM	engineered nanomaterial
EPA	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ER	estrogen receptor
EURL-ECVAM	European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
HTS	high throughput screening
HT-IVIVE	high throughput in vitro to in vivo extrapolation
ICCVAM	Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods
ICE	Integrated Chemical Environment
IVIVE	in vitro to in vivo extrapolation
IVIVE-WG	ICCVAM in vitro to in vivo Extrapolation Workgroup
LOAEL	low observed adverse effects level
log Kow	the n-octanol / water partition ratio or coefficient
NAM	new approach methodology
NIEHS	National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLM	U.S. National Library of Medicine
NOAEL	no observed adverse effect level
NOEL	no observed effect level
NTP	National Toxicology Program
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OED	oral equivalent dose
OPP	EPA Office of Pesticide Programs
QSAR	quantitative structure activity relationship
PD	pharmacodynamics
PK	pharmacokinetics
PBK	physiologically based kinetics
PBPK	physiologically based pharmacokinetics
PBTK	physiologically based toxicokinetics
PFOA	perfluorooctanoic acid
POD	point of departure
ToxCastTM	Toxicity forecaster
Tox21	Toxicology in the 21st century