Table 1.
Grouping of replicable candidate biomarkers (CBs) by blood fraction and collection time.
| Replicable CB | Regulation | Total Cohort | Plasma (Number of Cohort) |
Serum (Number of Cohort) |
Reference (First Name, Year) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Collection for Proteomics Analysis (Trimester) | Sample Collection for Proteomics Analysis (Trimester) | ||||||||||
| 1st | 1st–2nd | 2nd | 1st | 1st–2nd | 2nd | ||||||
| C-reactive protein | up | 3 | 2 | 1 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, C. 2015 [49] | ||||
| Ig mu chain C region (Immunoglobulin heavy constant mu) | down | 3 | 2 | 1 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | ||||
| Proteoglycan 4 | up | 3 | 2 | 1 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | ||||
| Secreted phosphoprotein 24 | down | 3 | 1 | 2 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Ravnsborg, T. 2019 [41] | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | ||||
| Sex hormone-binding globulin | down | 3 | 2 | 1 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Ravnsborg, T. 2016 and 2019 [40,41] | Zhao, C. 2015 [49] | ||||
| Coagulation factor V | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement component C9 | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, C. 2015 [49] | |||||
| Antithrombin-III | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Ravnsborg, T. 2019 [41] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Apolipoprotein A-V | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Apolipoprotein C-III | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Kim, S.M. 2012 [43] | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | |||||
| Apolipoprotein E | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| C4b-binding protein alpha chain | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Coagulation factor IX | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Coagulation factor X | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Coagulation factor XII | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement C1s subcomponent | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement component C6 | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement component C7 | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement component C8 beta chain | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement component C8 gamma chain | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Complement factor H | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Endoplasmin | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Gelsolin | down | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||
| Pappalysin-1 | down | 2 | 2 | Jayabalan, N. 2019 [59] | Zhao, C. 2015 [49] | ||||||
| Serum amyloid p-component | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Liu, X. 2020 [54] | Ravnsborg, T. 2019 [41] | |||||
| Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 | up | 2 | 1 | 1 | Shen, L. 2019 [53] | Zhao, D. 2017 [51] | |||||