Figure 3.
Aptamer immobilization protocols applied in the electrochemical aptasensors: (a) interaction of thiolated aptamer with Au nanoparticles/bare Au electrode; (b) carbodiimide binding to carboxylated support; (c) electrografting with diazonium salt generated from aromatic amino group; (d) cross-binding with glutaraldehyde of aminated aptamer and carrier.