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. 2022 Apr 29;12(5):657. doi: 10.3390/life12050657

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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An overview of mitochondrial functions and their dysfunction, along with some target inhibitors: The figure represents the crucial roles played by mitochondria. During disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction can occur due to the alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, ROS production, and mitochondrial-related signaling and apoptosis. ETC, electron transport chain; ACL, ATP citrate lyase; TA, aminotransferase; GLUD1, glutamate dehydrogenase 1; CytC, cytochrome C; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel; SOD, superoxide dismutase; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; TRX, thioredoxin; GSH, glutathione; MTHFD, methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 5,10-CH2-THF, 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate.