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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Illustration of the mitochondrial-targeting of drugs by NPs: Endocytosis of the drug occurs, followed by the endolysosome formation. The drug is released into the cytoplasm once the endolysosomal membrane is disrupted, and then the drug is targeted to the mitochondria.