| ACAT | acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase |
| AMPK | Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
| CD4 | Cluster of differentiation 4 |
| CESR | Center of Excellence for Scientific Research |
| CGA | Chlorogenic acids |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| FSG | Fasting serum glucose |
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase |
| GCBE | Green coffee bean extract |
| GLUT4 | Glucose transporter isoform 4 |
| G6Pase | Glucose-6-phosphatase |
| HMG-COA Reductase | Hydroxy methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase |
| HOMA-IR | homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance |
| HFD | High fat diet |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-10 | Interleukin-10 |
| IRS1 | Insulin receptor substrate-1 |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| Mets | The metabolic syndrome |
| mg/dL | Milligrams per deciliter |
| mRNA | Messenger Ribonucleic Acid |
| ng/mL | Nanograms per milliliter |
| PEPCK | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
| PI-3-kinase | Phosphoinositide-3-kinase |
| p-JNK | Phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| PPAR-α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- Alpha |
| qPCR | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| RBP4 | Retinol binding protein 4 |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| uIU/mL | Micro International Units per milliliter |
| WAT | White adipose tissue |