Table 3.

The mean percent error ($MPE$) and relative root mean squared error ($rRMSE$) of the predicted AUC relative to the true AUC of each simulation scenario for external validation.

Measures	$\mathit{M}\mathit{P}\mathit{E}(\%)$				$\mathit{r}\mathit{R}\mathit{M}\mathit{S}\mathit{E}(\%)$
Scenarios	Trough	Peak and Trough	Peak, Mid and Trough	One-hour Interval	Trough	Peak and Trough	Peak, Mid and Trough	One-hour Interval
Single Dose Model
Lim et al., 2014 [19]	1.03	−2.92	−1.56	2.35	26.98	22.23	18.97	12.62
Llopis-Salvia et al., 2006 [20]	10.26	6.81	9.22	9.15	32.41	28.91	29.97	24.11
Moore et al., 2016 [21]	19.04	2.69	2.73	3.41	38.48	25.67	22.43	16.30
Mulla et al., 2005 [22]	29.24	15.97	10.05	1.81	49.13	33.94	25.69	12.62
Okada et al., 2018 [23]	4.77	2.78	0.52	0.40	27.58	24.37	21.31	12.88
Purwonugroho et al., 2012 [24]	5.31	−1.82	1.32	2.05	35.64	27.92	24.13	14.28
Sánchez et al., 2010 [25]	28.13	23.84	20.07	15.89	48.98	43.01	34.17	23.44
Yamamoto et al., 2009 [26]	5.42	0.42	0.77	−1.33	29.37	23.46	20.07	11.96
Yasuhara et al., 1998 [27]	11.54	2.40	5.07	0.43	33.43	23.16	21.08	12.22
Model Selection by ML	15.91	1.65	2.95	1.37	38.21	26.37	23.11	11.53
Weighted Average by ML	13.90	3.89	4.27	1.78	33.91	24.34	21.41	11.04
Non-weighted average	12.75	5.58	5.36	3.79	32.49	24.20	20.67	12.49
Steady-State Model
Lim et al., 2014 [19]	−4.15	−4.73	−2.86	−0.25	21.48	17.13	13.76	7.28
Llopis-Salvia et al., 2006 [20]	6.02	3.43	6.16	12.11	40.31	33.66	35.01	54.27
Moore et al., 2016 [21]	18.54	7.16	5.82	4.97	31.51	19.18	15.40	8.94
Mulla et al., 2005 [22]	10.82	3.97	2.67	2.69	33.25	21.63	15.89	7.97
Okada et al., 2018 [23]	−0.85	−0.05	−0.20	2.37	23.11	18.78	15.38	8.83
Purwonugroho et al., 2012 [24]	4.21	−2.49	0.79	0.32	29.06	20.40	16.35	8.11
Sánchez et al., 2010 [25]	8.66	5.46	5.43	8.17	35.34	26.83	20.84	15.27
Yamamoto et al., 2009 [26]	−0.56	−2.45	−1.41	−1.94	21.37	16.68	13.64	7.59
Yasuhara et al., 1998 [27]	3.28	−0.77	1.26	−0.49	25.72	19.08	16.15	7.98
Model Selection by ML	7.32	1.84	1.73	1.21	25.97	18.34	14.83	7.62
Weighted Average by ML	6.74	1.48	2.02	1.46	25.80	17.68	14.56	7.61
Non-weighted Average	5.11	1.06	1.96	3.11	26.34	19.06	15.77	11.20