Figure 7.

Effects of an ER stress inhibitor on the induction of cell death by crassolide in H460 cells. H460 cells were pretreated with the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA (5 mM) or control for 1 h before treatment with 25 μM crassolide for 24 h. Then, (A) the cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay, (B) the cell cycle distribution, (C) the numbers of Annexin V+ apoptotic cells, and (D) autophagy (determined by acridine orange staining) were assessed by flow cytometry. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three wells from one of three experiments. Moreover, *** p  <  0.001 indicates a significant difference from the group treated with crassolide alone.