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. 2022 Apr 22;14(5):917. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050917

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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NBTXR3 as radioenhancers that are trackable by CT. (A) An illustration of the composition of NBTXR3 and its radioenhancing function. NBTXR3 consists of the HfO2 crystalline core (blue) and phosphate coating (yellow). Upon ionizing radiation, HfO2 induces the generation of a substantial amount of electrons that create more energy deposition in tumor than water molecules, hence promoting cancer cell death. Source: twitter@Nanobiotix. (B) Electron microscopy image of NBTXR3. Source: https://www.sharepitch.com/healthcare/archives/05-2018, accessed on 22 April 2022. (C) Radiopaque NBTXR3 visualized on simulation CT image of a patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (red arrow: tumor). Adapted based on Ref. [165]. (D) CT scans showing intratumoral localisation of NBTXR3 at 24 h after injection and after radiotherapy (RT) in a patient with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma. *: position of NBTXR3 accumulation.Adapted based on Ref. [166].