Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in patients with and without AF recurrence.
| Total (N = 120) |
Non-Recurrence (N = 89) |
Recurrence (N = 31) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographics | ||||
| Male | 84 (70.0%) | 66 (74.2%) | 18 (58.1%) | 0.092 |
| Age (y) | 61.9 ± 9.3 | 62.3 ± 9.0 | 61.0 ± 10.2 | 0.504 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 52 (43.3%) | 41 (46.1%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.306 |
| Body mass index | 25.98 ± 3.76 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 26.3 ± 4.2 | 0.529 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 55.9 ± 8.5 | 56 ± 8.9 | 55.4 ± 7.5 | 0.746 |
| Left atrium diameter (cm) | 4.38 ± 0.71 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 0.035 |
| Left atrium enlargement ≥ 45 mm | 53 (46.1%) | 36 (42.4%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.176 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.975 ± 0.399 | 1.0± 0.4 | 1.0± 0.4 | 0.355 |
| AF characteristics | ||||
| AF duration (months) | 48.0 ± 78.9 | 44.9 ± 70.7 | 57.7 ± 101 | 0.546 |
| AF duration ≥3 years | 41 (37.3%) | 30 (36.1%) | 11 (40.7%) | 0.668 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 87 (72.5%) | 72 (80.9%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.001 |
| Persistent AF | 33 (27.5%) | 17 (19.1%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.001 |
| Prior electrical cardioversion | 9 (7.5%) | 4 (4.5%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.049 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 100 (86.2%) | 74 (86%) | 26 (86.7%) | 1.000 |
| Valvular heart disease | 67 (57.8%) | 47 (54.7%) | 20 (66.7%) | 0.251 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 4 (3.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1.000 |
| COPD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Hypertension | 66 (55%) | 47 (52.8%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.414 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 48 (40%) | 34 (38.2%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.496 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (12.5%) | 11 (12.4%) | 4 (12.9%) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (9.2%) | 9 (10.1%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.727 |
| Stroke or TIA | 17 (14.2%) | 14 (15.7%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.555 |
| CAD | 29 (24%) | 25 (28.1%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.089 |
| CABG | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.97 ± 1.58 | 2± 1.6 | 2 ± 1.6 | 0.997 |
| Medications | ||||
| Anti-platelet agents | 41 (34.2%) | 29 (32.6%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.536 |
| CCB | 32 (26.7%) | 20 (22.5%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.078 |
| Beta blockers | 53 (44.2%) | 39 (43.8%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.897 |
| ACEi/ARB | 42 (35%) | 30 (33.7%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.615 |
| OAC | 79 (65.8%) | 59 (66.3%) | 20 (64.5%) | 0.858 |
| AADs | 101 (84.2%) | 78 (87.6%) | 23 (74.2%) | 0.091 |
| Class I AADs | 56 (46.7%) | 46 (51.7%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.094 |
| Class III AADs | 51 (42.5%) | 36 (40.4%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.528 |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; CAD, coronary artery disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; OAC, oral anticoagulant; AADs, anti-arrhythmic drugs.