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. 2022 May 14;14(10):2066. doi: 10.3390/nu14102066

Table 4.

Systematic reviews finding including mixed intervention in reducing GDM.

Study ID RCTs Number Participant Included in Intervention and Control Group (N/n) Association Measurement I2(p) Quality
(Amstar 2)
Bain et al., 2015 [56] 13 1903/1841 RR 0.92 (0.68–1.23) 43.13 (0.06) Low
Madhuvrata et al., 2015 * [23] 6 562/526 OR 1.44 (0.96–2.14) 0 (0.93) Moderate
Rogozińska et al., 2015 [55] 12 2399/2346 RR 0.95 (0.76–1.18) 23 (0.21) Moderate
Song et al., 2016 [20] 14 6047 ** RR 0.85 (0.70–1.03) N.A. Critically low
Shepherd et al., 2017 [31] 19 3353/3280 RR 0.85 (0.71–1.01) 42 (0.03) High
Davenport et al., 2018 [18] 22 575/550 OR 0.90 (0.74–1.10) 30 (0.09) High
Bennett et al., 2018 [22] 22 7274 ** RR 0.90 (0.77–1.05) 33 (0.072) Moderate
Guo et al., 2019 [51] 18 7024 ** RR 0.86 (0.71–1.04) N.A. Critically low

* Population = women at high risk; ** Total sample size; N.A. = Not available; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative risk; N = exposed simple size; n = no exposed simple size; and I2(p) = heterogeneity test (p-value).