. 2022 May 12;11(10):2738. doi: 10.3390/jcm11102738

Table 2.

Literature overview on PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) in PCa.

Authors	Year	Type of Study	Objectives	Number of Studies and/or Patients	Results
Zhang et al. [12]	2021	Meta-analysis	To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).	12 studies, 508 patients	After the first cycle of treatment, the pooled rate of PSA decline was 69.30%, and that of >50% PSA decline was 35.90% without significant adverse events.
Sartor O, et al. [13]	2021	Prospective, open-label, randomized, international, phase 3 trial (VISION trial)	To compare efficacy of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 (7.4 GBq every 6 weeks × 6 cycles) combined standard of care (SOC) compared to SOC alone	831 patients	Significant improvement in OS by median of 4.0 months and significantly longer PFS based on imaging.
Ballal et al. [14]	2021	Systematic Review	To evaluate the role of ²²⁵Ac-PSMA as a salvage treatment in mCRPC	3 studies, 141 patients	²²⁵Ac-PSMA-617 revealed biochemical response, improved survival, caused low treatment-related toxicity proving a promising salvage treatment option in mCRPC patients.
Sadaghiani MS et al. [15]	2021	Systematic Review	To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT)	24 studies, 1192 patients	PRLT is associated with ≥50% reduction in PSA level in a large number of patients and a low rate of toxicity
Satapathy S et al. [16]	2021	Systematic Review	To evaluate the role of ²²⁵Ac-PSMA RLT in mCRPC.	10 studies, 256 patients	²²⁵Ac-PSMA RLT is an efficacious and safe treatment option for mCRPC.
Hofman MS et al. [17]	2021	Randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial (TheraP trial)	To compare ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 with cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC.	291 patients	¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 compared with cabazitaxel in Mcrpc led to a higher PSA response and fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse events.
von Eyben FE et al. [18]	2020	Systematic Review	To evaluate treatment outcome of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA RLT in mCRPC	36 studies, 2346 patients	Half of all patients obtained a PSA decline of ≥50% and lived longer than those with less PSA decline. 10% of developed hematologic toxicity (anemia grade 3)
Satapathy S et al. [19]	2020	Systematic review and meta-analysis	To evaluate the impact of visceral metastases on biochemical response and survival outcomes in mCRPC treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA RLT.	12 studies, 1504 patients	Presence of visceral metastases was associated with poor response and survival outcomes in patients of mCRPC treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA RLT
Kim YJ [20]	2020	Meta-analysis	To evaluate treatment responses after the 1st cycle of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 RLT	10 studies, 455 patients	Two-thirds of any PSA decline and one-third of >50% PSA decline after the 1st cycle of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 RLT in mCRPC. Any PSA decline showed survival prolongation after the 1st cycle of the ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617.
Yadav MP et al. [21]	2019	Systematic Review and meta-analysis	To evaluate efficacy and safety data on ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA RLT for mCRPC	17 studies, 744 patients	¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA RLT is an effective treatment of advanced-stage mCRPC refractory to SOC with low toxicity.
von Eyben FE et al^. [22]	2017	Systematic Review	To compare efficacy of ¹⁷⁷Lu PSMA RLT and third-line treatment for mCRPC	12 studies, 669 patients	¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 RTL and ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA I&T gave better effects and caused fewer adverse effects than third-line treatment
Calopedos RJS et al. [23]	2017	Systematic review and meta-analysis	To assess treatment response of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA in mCRPC	10 studies, 369 patients	Two-thirds of patients had biochemical response (any PSA decline was 68%, >50% PSA decline was 37%)