Table 4.

Clinical Manifestations of BHD Patients in Different Populations

References (No. of Cases)	Year	Population	PTX (%)	Pulmonary cysts (%)	Skin (%)	Renal Malignancy (%)
8(219)	2005	American	32	85	84	20–29
44(198)	2007	American	24.2	89.4	93	22.7
45(98)	2008	American	38	84	90.2	34
46(115)	2011	Dutch	24	NA	79.1	12
9(156)	2016	Japanese	NA	Almost all	48.7	34.8
47(23)	2010	Japanese	96.7	100	23.3	6.7
50(6)	2017	Korea	75	100	20	0
Our data (287)	2021	Chinese	73.5	94.4	22.3	7.2

Abbreviations: BHD, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome; PTX, pneumothorax; NA, not available.