Table 3.
Predictors of antibody response to vaccination among people living with HIV (N = 420)
| Variables | Categories | Response to vaccination, n (%) | Bivariable p-value | OR (95% CI) | Multivariable p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male; female | 316 (92); 68 (88) | 0.280 | Ref; 0.64 (0.24–1.75) | 0.383 |
| Age, years | < 55; ≥ 55 | 178 (90); 206 (93) | 0.290 | 1.04 (1.00–1.08)d | 0.040 |
| HIV infection way | Injection; noninjection drug user | 144 (91); 240 (92) | 0.622 | 1.47 (0.55–3.90); Ref | 0.441 |
| CDC clinical category | A, B, or C | 220 (97); 154 (88) | <0.001 | 2.56 (0.98–6.65); Ref | 0.054 |
| Nadir CD4 cell counts (cells/mm3)a | <200; ≥200 | 143 (88); 188 (97) | 0.001 | ―b | — |
| Charlson index | <2; ≥2 | 170 (93); 214 (90) | 0.345 | — | — |
| Cirrhosis | No; yes | 343 (89); 41 (87) | 0.270 | 1.59 (0.43–5.86); Ref | 0.489 |
| Chronic kidney disease | No; yes | 375 (98); 9 (90) | 0.596 | ―c | — |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | No; yes | 373 (92); 11 (85) | 0.297 | — | — |
| CD4 cell counts, cells/mm3 | <200; 200–349; ≥350 | 21 (64); 55(90); 308 (95) | <0.001 | Ref; 3.94 (0.84–18.53) 7.10 (1.91–26.46) | 0.084; 0.004 |
| Plasma HIV-RNA, c/mL | <50; ≥50 | 336 (92); 33 (81) | 0.019 | 0.98 (0.27–3.52); Ref | 0.973 |
| Vaccine | mRNA; adenovirus | 292 (94); 63 (78) | <0.001 | 8.19 (3.24–20.70); Ref | <0.001 |
Table shows patient characteristics associated with a greater probability of seroconverting after a complete immunization scheme against SARS-CoV-2. For the bivariate analysis, continuous variables were categorized according to the median value or using clinically significant cut-off points. Variables associated with the main endpoint in the bivariate analysis with p < 0.05, along with baseline characteristics that showed significant differential distribution among CD4 strata, were entered in a multivariate analysis, and a logistic binary regression model was conducted. Age was entered as a continuous variable, and all other parameters were entered as categorical variables. The model was built using an automatic procedure. The validity of the final model was assessed by estimating goodness of fit with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Results are expressed as OR and their 95% CI. In total, six variables, along with age and sex, were included in the final model. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test was used for goodness of fit for logistic regression with p = 0.676. Ref, reference.
Available for 357 patients.
The parameter nadir CD4 cell count was not entered in the model to avoid overfitting. Instead, CD4 cell count at the time of vaccination was selected, because this parameter is a strong predictor of response in the setting of other vaccines in people living with HIV.
Not entered in the model because of the small number of cases.
Per 1 year increase (included as continuous variables in multivariate model).