The germination and greening rate of ZmLBD5 transgenic Arabidopsis with mannitol treatment: (A) RT-qPCR analysis of ZmLBD5 expression in the overexpression lines and wild type. (B–E) Statistical analysis of ZmLBD5 transgenic lines’ and wild-type’s seed germination rates under 0 mM, 200 mM, 250 mM, and 300 mM mannitol, respectively. (F) The phenotypes of ZmLBD5 transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis lines treated with 0 mM, 250 mM, and 300 mM mannitol. (G) Greening rate of ZmLBD5 transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis under 0 mM, 250 mM, and 300 mM mannitol stress. Significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. All bars represent means ± SD, (n ≥ 3).