Table 2.

Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.

Study ID	Study Design	Study Population	Type of CGM	Duration of CGM Usage	Outcome	Results
Paramasivam S et al. [6]	RCT *	57 GDM patients	iPro™ 2 Medtronic	6 days	Incidence of hypoglycaemia, insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	Higher detection of hypoglycaemia in CGM group; no difference in other outcomes
Afandi B et al. [7]	Prospective observational study	25 GDM patients	iPro™ 2 Medtronic	5 days	Incidence of hyper- and hypoglycaemia, HbA1c level, qualification to insulin therapy	Lower incidence of hyperglycaemia and higher detection of hypoglycaemia in CGM group
Márquez-Pardo S et al. [8]	Prospective observational study	77 GDM patients	iPro™ 2 Medtronic	6 days	Incidence of hyperglycaemia, qualification to insulin therapy	Higher detection of hyperglycaemia, more qualification to insulin therapy in CGM group
Chen R et al. [9]	Prospective observational study	57 GDM patients	Medtronic MiniMed	72 h	Incidence of postprandial hyperglycaemia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia; HbA1c level	Higher detection of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia in CGM group, no difference in HbA1c level between the groups
Lane AF et al. [11]	RCT	40 GDM patients	Medtronic MiniMed/iPro™ 2 Medtronic	28 days	Incidence of hyper- and hypoglycaemia, time in range, HbA1c level, maternal and neonatal outcomes	No difference between the groups
Yu F et al. [12]	Prospective cohort study	340 GDM patients	Medtronic MiniMed	72 h a week for 5 weeks	Glycaemia control, insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	Shorter durations of hyper- and hypoglycaemia, more patients qualified to insulin therapy in CGM group; less incidence of LGA *, neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinemia in CGM group
Cypryk K et al. [13]	Prospective observational study	12 GDM patients, 7 patients non-GDM	Medtronic MiniMed	72 h	Glycaemia control	No difference between the groups
Zhang X et al. [14]	RCT	110 GDM patients	ISGMS * (Abbott Diabetes Care)	14 days	Incidence of hypoglycaemia, gestational weight gain, health behaviour patterns	Lower gestational weight gain, better health behaviour patterns and lower incidence of hypoglycaemia in CGM group
Buhling KJ et al. [15]	Prospective observational study	63 GDM, 17 IGT, 24 non-GDM, 9 non-pregnant patients	Medtronic MiniMed	72 h	Glycaemia control, neonatal outcomes	Higher detection of hyperglycaemia in CGM group, no difference in other outcomes between the groups
Zaharieva D et al. [16]	Prospective Observational Study	90 GDM patients	iPRO Medtronic	7 days	Incidence of hyperglycaemia	Higher detection of hyperglycaemia in CGM group
Alfadhli E et al. [17]	RCT	130 GDM patients	Guardian® RT-CGMS MiniMed	3–7 days	Fasting and postprandial glycaemia, HbA1c level, insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	No difference between the groups
Kestila K et al. [18]	RCT	73 GDM patients	Medtronic MiniMed	Mean 47.4 h	Insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	Higher number of patients qualified for insulin therapy in CGM group; no difference in maternal and neonatal outcomes between the groups
Yogev Y et al. [19]	Prospective observational study	6 PGDM, 2 GDM patients,	Medtronic MiniMed	72 h	Glycaemia, HbA1c level, insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	Higher detection of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia, better modification of insulin therapy in CGM group; no difference in other outcomes between the groups
Wei Q et al. [20]	RCT	106 GDM patients	Medtronic MiniMed	48–72 h	Glycaemia, HbA1c level, insulin therapy, maternal and neonatal outcomes	Higher number of patients qualified to insulin therapy, better detection of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia, less gestational weight gain in CGM group; No difference in other outcomes between the groups

* RCT = Randomised controlled trial; LGA = large for gestational age; ISGMS: instantaneous scanning glucose monitoring system.