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Mechanisms by which gut microbiota can modulate low-grade inflammation and obesity. IL-6—interleukin 6; LPS—lipopolysaccharides; M1—macrophages M1; M2—macrophages M2; NLRP3—inflammasome; SCFA—short-chain fatty acids; TNFα—tumor necrosis factor α; ZO-1—zonulin.
