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. 2022 Apr 30;10(5):709. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050709

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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mRNA vaccines’ method of action [40]. Five-prime cap (black circle) and polyA tail present on all mRNAs. (A), conventional mRNA encodes protein that may be used as an antigen.Apart from the gene of interest, self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) may encode RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) at the same molecule (B) or at the other mRNA (C). (B,C), step 1, translation of RDRP and gene of interest. Step 2, RDRP amplifies mRNA. Step 3, translation of self-amplified mRNA. Figure was created using BioRender tool.