Table 2.
Mid- and late life health outcome by parenting styles (Mean (SD))
| Self-rated Health | Cognitive function | CES-D-10 score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parenting styles | All | ||
| Authoritative | 2.32 (0.99) | 11.67 (3.74) | 7.49 (6.11) |
| Authoritarian | 2.18 (0.93) | 11.38 (3.76) | 8.54 (6.23) |
| Indulgent | 2.31 (0.97) | 11.78 (3.86) | 7.26 (6.03) |
| Uninvolved | 2.17 (0.89) | 11.42 (3.95) | 7.92 (6.02) |
| P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Male | |||
| Authoritative | 2.40 (1.00) | 12.32 (3.38) | 6.63 (5.63) |
| Authoritarian | 2.28 (0.96) | 11.88 (3.48) | 7.58 (5.86) |
| Indulgent | 2.38 (0.97) | 12.43 (3.39) | 6.27 (5.43) |
| Uninvolved | 2.24 (0.90) | 12.03 (3.57) | 7.04 (5.49) |
| P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Female | |||
| Authoritative | 2.23 (0.98) | 10.94 (3.98) | 8.39 (6.46) |
| Authoritarian | 2.06 (0.89) | 10.78 (3.99) | 9.65 (6.47) |
| Indulgent | 2.25 (0.97) | 11.24 (4.14) | 8.09 (6.37) |
| Uninvolved | 2.09 (0.88) | 10.82 (4.20) | 8.76 (6.37) |
| P value | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 |
SD Standard deviation, CES-D-10 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale