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. 2022 Apr 21;12(5):376. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050376

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Main metabolic pathways involved in the pathology of sepsis identified using the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) [41]. Pathways highlighted in yellow correspond to metabolic derangements in sepsis and are related to: bile acid synthesis; energy metabolism; amino acid metabolism; purine and pyrimidine metabolism; lipid metabolism. The eight pathophysiological processes implicated in the metabolic response to sepsis are highlighted in turquoise: renal dysfunction; vasodilation; oxidative stress; mitochondrial dysfunction; lactic acidosis; tissue hypoxia; reduced stroke volume and cardiac output and organ dysfunction. Abbreviations: TG = triglyceride; PS = phosphatidylserine; PC = phosphatidylcholine; PE = phosphatidylethanolamine; PG = phosphatidylglycerol; PI = phosphatidylinositol; PA = phosphatidic acid; LPC = lysophosphatidycholine; LPE = lysophosphatidylethanolamine; LPG = lysophosphatidylglycerol; DAG = diacylglycerol; LPI = lysophospatidylinositol; TAG = triacylglycerol; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DiHETE = dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EET = epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; HpETE = hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; HETE = hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HDHA = hydroperoxy-docosahexaenoic caid; HEPE = hydroxypentaenoic acid; TX = thromboxanes; LT = leukotrienes; PGG2 = prostaglandin G2, PGH2 = prostaglandin H2; PGE2 = prostaglandin E2; PGI2 = prostaglandin I2; PGF2α = prostaglandin F2α; keto-PGF1α = keto-prostaglandin F1α; Rv = resolvin; CoA = coenzyme A; TCA = tricarboxylic acid; CA = cholic acid; DCA = deoxycholic acid; TDCA = taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA = glycodeoxycholic acid; CDCA = chenodeoxycholic acid; LCA = lithocholic acid; GCDCA = glycochenodeoxycholic acid; TLCA = taurolitocholic acid; GLCA = glycolithocholic acid; DMG = dimethylglycine; DMA = dimethylamine; ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA = symmetric dimethylarginine; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; NAD = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; 2-Py = N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; 4-Py = N1-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide; L-DOPA = levodopa; NH3 = ammonia; CO2 = carbon dioxide; ROS = reactive oxygen species; CH3 = methyl; NO = nitric oxide; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; SV = stroke volume.