Table 2.
Characteristics of the subjects in the included studies.
| First Author, Publication Year |
Number: (Case/Control) | Adiponectin (Mean ± SD) |
Age (Mean ± SD), Year | BMI (Mean ± SD), kg/m2 | AHI (Mean ± SD), Events/h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | |
| Huang, 2004 [52] | 69 | 15 | 4.12 ± 2.49 | 7.74 ± 4.42 | 51.71 ± 12.37 | 56.37 ± 11.49 | 26.35 ± 2.60 | 26.02 ± 1.78 | 39.28 ± 22.80 | 3.67 ± 1.38 |
| Zhang, 2004 [53] | 71 | 26 | 5.03 ± 1.01 | 7.04 ± 1.31 | 51.4 ± 11.8 | 49.2 ± 10.1 | 26.7 ± 2.1 | 27.8 ± 1.9 | - | - |
| Wolk, 2005 [36] | 26 | 29 | 8.49 ± 4.69 | 6.32 ± 2.96 | 46 ± 5.10 | 46 ± 10.77 | 31 ± 5.10 | 31 ± 5.39 | 44 ± 20.40 | 3.0 ± 2.15 |
| Zhang, 2006 [54] | 20 | 66 | 4.23 ± 2.04 | 7.52 ± 2.21 | 50.7 ± 12.9 | 49.6 ± 9.2 | 26.8 ± 2.5 | 25.6 ± 1.8 | 36.8 ± 21.4 | 2.4 ± 1.8 |
| Sharma, 2007 [71] | 40 | 40 | 4.96 ± 3.21 | 5.71 ± 3.67 | 42.3 ± 8.3 | 43.3 ± 7.8 | 29.8 ± 3.3 | 29.1 ± 2.3 | 32.19 ± 9.94 | 1.35 ± 0.61 |
| Nakagawa, 2008 [72] | 24 | 18 | 7.9 ± 5.6 | 8.5 ± 5.5 | 45.9 ± 12.6 | 43.8 ± 12.2 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | 23.8 ± 4.0 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 2.4 ± 1.5 |
| Carneiro, 2009 [68] | 16 | 13 | 8.7 ± 4.72 | 15.0 ± 9.19 | 40.1 ± 2.8 | 38.8 ± 3.3 | 46.9 ± 2.0 | 42.8 ± 1.3 | 65.7 ± 9.9 | 3.2 ± 0.5 |
| Ursavas, 2010 [64] | 55 | 15 | 7.7 ± 5.2 | 9.1 ± 6.6 | 51.1 ± 8.9 | 48.4 ± 36.65 | 32.5 ± 64.11 | 31.6 ± 7.0 | 43.5 ± 26.7 | 2.8 ± 1.5 |
| De Lima, 2010 [69] | 10 | 10 | 4.6 ± 1.58 | 5. 5± 0.32 | 57 ± 33.18 | 56.8 ± 4.7 | 34.1 ± 1.3 | 33.1 ± 7.9 | 29.5 ± 11.69 | 3.6 ± 0.32 |
| Kim, 2010 (sev) [73] | 28 | 22 | 6.88 ± 1.78 | 8.90 ± 2.63 | 42 ± 10.77 | 26 ± 6.91 | 28.69 ± 4.05 | 23.88 ± 2.30 | 52.71 ± 22.23 | 1.25 ± 1.25 |
| Kim, 2010 (mod) [73] | 37 | 22 | 8.08 ± 1.66 | 8.90 ± 2.63 | 38 ± 15.04 | 26 ± 6.91 | 24.43 ± 2.45 | 23.88 ± 2.30 | 14.40 ± 4.07 | 1.25 ± 1.25 |
| Vatansever, 2011 (mod-sev) [65] | 9 | 24 | 8.04 ± 6.55 | 14.87 ± 6.17 | 50 ± 27.11 | 47 ± 39.19 | 29.3 ± 4.12 | 28.4 ± 2.45 | 54.4 ± 66.79 | 2.05 ± 1.32 |
| Vatansever, 2011 (mild) [65] | 9 | 24 | 7.35 ± 2.7 | 14.87 ± 6.17 | 48 ± 27 | 47 ± 39.19 | 27.6 ± 1.8 | 28.4 ± 2.45 | 8.0 ± 2.52 | 2.05 ± 1.32 |
| Sánchez, 2012 [74] | 21 | 20 | 36.94 ± 21.42 | 29.47 ± 15.88 | 49.33 ± 10.71 | 42.9 ± 9.16 | 25.02 ± 1.22 | 24.71 ± 2.39 | 41.45 ± 18.3 | 2.87 ± 1.51 |
| Öztürk, 2012 (sev) [66] | 25 | 32 | 2.7 ± 3.2 | 5.2 ± 5.2 | 50.0 ± 11.7 | 48.3 ± 10.8 | 34.0 ± 5.5 | 31.3 ± 5.6 | 61.6 ± 20.4 | 1.8 ± 1.4 |
| Öztürk, 2012 (mod) [66] | 12 | 32 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 5.2 | 58.7 ± 8.6 | 48.3 ± 10.8 | 32.7 ± 5.8 | 31.3 ± 5.6 | 23.4 ± 4.6 | 1.8 ± 1.4 |
| Öztürk, 2012 (mild) [66] | 25 | 32 | 3.5 ± 4.2 | 5.2 ± 5.2 | 48.8 ± 10.6 | 48.3 ± 10.8 | 32.1 ± 6.6 | 31.3 ± 5.6 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 1.8 ± 1.4 |
| Kritikou, 2013 (female) [62] | 20 | 18 | 8.96 ± 5.48 | 11.63 ± 6.17 | 57.28 ± 6.00 | 54.21 ± 6.61 | 31.52 ± 1.54 | 30.36 ± 2.75 | 33.94 ± 18.78 | 1.69 ± 1.61 |
| Kritikou, 2013 (male) [62] | 16 | 13 | 4.75 ± 2.41 | 4.89 ± 2.55 | 53.87 ± 6.76 | 52.39 ± 6.23 | 27.09 ± 2.60 | 26.60 ± 2.65 | 42.42 ± 22.51 | 3.03 ± 1.98 |
| Hargens, 2013 [61] | 12 | 18 | 10.0 ± 2.77 | 13.9 ± 5.94 | 22.8 ± 2.77 | 22.5 ± 2.97 | 32.4 ± 3.46 | 31.6 ± 4.67 | 25.4 ± 18.71 | 2.2 ± 1.27 |
| Al Mutairi, 2014 (sev) [35] | 25 | 42 | 8.87 ± 7.41 | 14.70 ± 13.01 | 50.0 ± 14.8 | 55.8 ± 16.3 | 44.4 ± 16.8 | 40.5 ± 11.9 | 48.9 ± 13.1 | 2.6 ± 1.6 |
| Al Mutairi, 2014 (mod) [35] | 29 | 42 | 10.64 ± 8.36 | 14.70 ± 13.01 | 53.0 ± 16.3 | 55.8 ± 16.3 | 49.8 ± 13.9 | 40.5 ± 11.9 | 18.0 ± 6.9 | 2.6 ± 1.6 |
| Al Mutairi, 2014 (mild) [35] | 51 | 42 | 10.53 ± 7.41 | 14.70 ± 13.01 | 49.1 ± 17.0 | 55.8 ± 16.3 | 43.3 ± 10.5 | 40.5 ± 11.9 | 10.3 ± 3.8 | 2.6 ± 1.6 |
| Xu, 2014 [55] | 62 | 20 | 7.98 ± 3.74 | 13.43 ± 2.04 | 50.8 ± 11.7 | 51.3 ± 10.5 | - | - | 18.03 ± 5.10 | 2.14 ± 0.89 |
| Gaines, 2015 [63] | 47 | 15 | 5.13 ± 2.88 | 5.70 ± 2.94 | 53.46 ± 0.86 | 52.70 ± 1.52 | 27.79 ± 0.35 | 26.50 ± 0.63 | 22.94 ±2.47 | 2.26 ± 4.37 |
| da Silva Araújo, 2015 [70] | 33 | 20 | 5.38 ± 0.44 | 5.98 ± 0.82 | 39.60 ± 1.48 | 32.50 ± 2.09 | 34.39 ± 0.51 | 34.51 ± 0.66 | 20.16 ± 3.57 | 2.55 ± 0.35 |
| Wen, 2015 [56] | 33 | 15 | 6.13 ± 1.16 | 8.51 ± 3.84 | 48.5 ± 10.06 | 46 ± 10.4 | 27.4 ± 5.0 | 27 ± 4.6 | 41.3 ± 3.6 | 2.8 ± 0.4 |
| Lacedonia, 2016 [75] | 10 | 10 | 63.43 ± 11.53 | 80.10 ± 18.50 | 62.80 ± 8.19 | 58.80 ± 17.55 | 27.29 ± 2.41 | 27.58 ± 1.40 | - | - |
| Zuo, 2016 [57] | 59 | 30 | 6.4 ± 3.25 | 7.24 ± 2.42 | 47.3 ± 14.6 | 43.3 ± 7.8 | 27.3 ± 5.0 | 26.1 ± 1.7 | 20.6 ± 26.3 | - |
| Chen, 2017 (sev) [58] | 35 | 15 | 9 ± 13.35 | 43.98 ± 22.13 | 42.06 ± 11.75 | 41.33 ± 12.45 | 26.12 ± 3.49 | 25.51 ± 2.17 | 72.47 ± 15.73 | 4.86 ± 2.31 |
| Chen, 2017 (mod) [58] | 34 | 15 | 29.31 ± 11.57 | 43.98 ± 22.13 | 43.32 ± 11.95 | 41.33 ± 12.45 | 25.35 ± 2.07 | 25.51 ± 2.17 | 32.12 ± 10.21 | 4.86 ± 2.31 |
| Abdel-Fadeil, 2017 [34] | 22 | 22 | 4.57 ± 0.98 | 6.85 ± 0.58 | 49.92 ± 2.10 | 47.55 ± 2.35 | 36.00 ± 1.10 | 36.62 ± 1.14 | 32.17 ± 20.59 | 3.72 ± 1.69 |
| Yang, 2017 [59] | 20 | 66 | 8.13 ± 2.28 | 14.52 ± 4.10 | 50.12 ± 11.25 | 49.30 ± 10.70 | 24.61 ± 3.80 | 23.37 ± 3.55 | 37.87 ± 14.90 | - |
| Zhang, 2018 [60] | 30 | 20 | 3.30 ± 1.10 | 3.38 ± 1.39 | 40.73 ± 8.90 | 36.10 ± 13.67 | 28.85 ± 2.62 | 27.55 ± 2.97 | 61.48 ± 15.00 | 1.93 ± 1.38 |
| Song, 2020 [37] | 62 | 33 | 38.92 ± 18.51 | 41.80 ± 21.63 | 40.38 ± 9.50 | 37.51 ± 10.87 | 24.18 ± 1.55 | 23.30 ± 3.07 | 29.11 ± 20.45 | 1.78 ± 1.41 |
| Celikhisar, 2020 [67] | 84 | 82 | 2.9 ± 3.6 | 6.1 ± 5.8 | 50.9 ± 5.7 | 49.3 ± 5.8 | 32.4 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 5.6 | 27.4 ± 18.6 | 1.8 ± 1.4 |
SD, Standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index.