Table 1.
Characteristics of Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in São Paulo (n = 2.127).
| Characteristics | N a | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| ≤45 | 710 | 33.4 |
| 46–60 | 524 | 24.6 |
| ≥60 | 893 | 41.9 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 856 | 40.2 |
| Female | 1.271 | 59.8 |
| Formal education (years) a | ||
| Illiterate | 18 | 0.85 |
| 1–9 | 559 | 26.4 |
| 10–12 | 588 | 27.8 |
| >12 | 949 | 44.9 |
| Monthly household income * a | ||
| <1 | 121 | 6.5 |
| 1–3 | 565 | 28.7 |
| >3 | 1.281 | 65.1 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 544 | 25.6 |
| Married, divorced, or widowed | 1.583 | 74.4 |
| Recruitment site | ||
| Association A | 709 | 33.3 |
| Association B | 302 | 14.2 |
| Association C | 440 | 20.7 |
| Association D | 344 | 16.2 |
| Association E | 332 | 15.6 |
| Family heritage | ||
| Japanese immigrant | 316 | 14.9 |
| Japanese son/daughter | 1.007 | 47.3 |
| Grandson and great-grandson of Japanese immigrant | 750 | 35.3 |
| Non-Japanese descendant | 54 | 2.5 |
| Okinawan Descendant | ||
| No | 265 | 12.5 |
| Yes | 1.862 | 87.5 |
| History of residence in Japan | ||
| No | 1.305 | 61.4 |
| Yes | 822 | 38.7 |
| Blood transfusion | ||
| No | 1.982 | 93.2 |
| Yes | 145 | 6.8 |
| Surgery | ||
| No | 734 | 34.5 |
| Yes | 1.393 | 65.5 |
| History of Sexually transmitted infection a | ||
| No | 1.917 | 90.1 |
| Yes | 144 | 7.0 |
| Shared sharp objects | ||
| No | 1.263 | 59.4 |
| Yes | 864 | 40.6 |
| Accidental contact with blood of others | ||
| No | 2.061 | 96.9 |
| Yes | 66 | 3.1 |
| Regular use of condoms a | ||
| No | 1.576 | 83.7 |
| Yes | 308 | 16.3 |
| Born in São Paulo | ||
| No | 1.153 | 54.2 |
| Yes | 974 | 45.8 |
* National minimum wage: during the study period, one minimum wage was approximately R$937.00 BRL (U$285.00 USD). a The total represents the number of individuals who answered the question.