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. 2022 Apr 22;7(5):65. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050065

Table 1.

Overview of the eleven DAT projects and their enrolled patients.

Bangladesh Ethiopia Haiti Kyrgyzstan Namibia Philippines_1 Philippines_2 South Africa Tanzania Uganda Ukraine
DAT 1 type 99DOTS 99DOTS VOT 2 evriMed VOT 99DOTS VOT 99DOTS evriMED 99DOTS 99DOTS evriMED evriMED
N total 719 44 77 54 85 24 110 396 1258 976 1535 540 258
N study 684 38 41 53 69 22 109 373 1161 686 1351 159 242
Target group
Age ≥8 ≥16 ≥18 18–65 ≥16 ≥13 ≥15 ≥2 >15 ≥19 ≥18
Type of TB DS-TB DS-TB DS-TB DR-TB DS-TB DR-TB DS-TB DS-TB DS-TB DS-TB DS-TB DR-TB
Additional characteristics private patients from Dhaka (semi-) nomadic/agro- pastoralists prisoners continuation phase from Bishkek and Chui-region semi-mobile hunters and gatherers semi-urban urban poor, elderly, HIV+ N/A rural miners N/A from Mykolayiv and Odesa oblasts
Enrollment dates
Start 10-4-2019 29-3-2019 9-3-2019 11-1-2019 9-4-2019 27-12-2018 6-12-2018 1-5-2019 25-2-2019 10-1-2019 13-2-2019
End 28-7-2020 27-2-2020 21-2-2020 28-12-2019 13-3-2020 14-12-2019 16-3-2020 16-10-2020 30-6-2020 31-12-2019 11-11-2019
Inclusion criteria
Additional to:

  • informed consent

  • mentally, physically, and psycho-socially able

  • no MDR-TB

  • live closely to Dhaka

  • access to mobile phone

  • residence in mobile phone coverage area

  • network coverage

  • able to operate mobile phone and/or tablet

  • ≥2 weeks ambulant treatment

  • ≥80% adherence first 2 weeks (hospitalized)

  • internet access

  • ability to use electronic device

  • residence in mobile phone coverage area

  • network coverage

  • ≥2 weeks on treatment

  • access to mobile phone

  • newly diagnosed

  • access to mobile phone

  • ≤2 weeks on treatment

  • access to mobile phone

  • access to mobile phone with minimum balance

  • access to mobile phone

  • TB doctor decided who to offer the box

  • at first only patients who showed good adherence in past; later, also newer patients;

  • patients enrolled after hospitalization
Sex n (%)
Female 275 (40.2) 12 (31.6) 0 18 (34.0) 34 (49.3) 16 (72.7) 38 (34.9) 101 (27.1) 413 (35.6) 260 (37.9) 506 (37.5) 66 (41.5) 86 (35.5)
Male 409 (59.8) 26 (68.4) 41 (100) 35 (66.0) 34 (49.3) 6 (27.3) 71 (65.1) 271 (72.7) 748 (64.4) 426 (62.1) 845 (62.6) 93 (58.5) 156 (64.5)
Unknown 1 (1.4) 1 (0.3)
Age median (IQR) 3 31 (22;45) 29 (23;41) 31 (27;37) 47 (33;60) 29 (24;40) 25.5 (20;34) 30 (39;51) 32 (25;47) 37 (29;46) 43 (32;56) 36 (27;46) 38 (32;46) 39 (31;47)
Age categories n (%)
15–34 y/o 4
35–50 y/o
>50 y/o
391 (57.2)
164 (24.0)
129 (18.9)
22 (57.9)
8 (21.1)
8 (21.1)
29 (70.3)
9 (22.0)
3 (7.3)
14 (26.4)
14 (26.4)
25 (47.2)
43 (62.3)
19 (27.5)
7 (10.1)
17 (77.3)
4 (18.2)
1 (4.6)
44 (40.4)
37 (33.9)
28 (25.7)
208 (55.8)
96 (25.7)
69 (18.5)
553 (47.6)
406 (35.0)
202 (17.4)
222 (32.4)
241 (35.1)
223 (32.5)
623 (46.1)
494 (36.6)
234 (17.3)
62 (39.0)
69 (43.4)
28 (17.6)
82 (33.9)
112 (46.3)
48 (19.8)
Enrollment period n (%)
First half
Second half
360 (52.6)
324 (47.4)
8 (21.1)
30 (78.9)
19 (46.3)
22 (53.7)
45 (85.9)
8 (15.1)
61 (88.4)
8 (11.6)
9 (40.9)
13 (59.1)
53 (48.6)
56 (51.4)
247 (66.2)
126 (37.8)
787 (67.8)
374 (32.2)
359 (52.3)
327 (47.7)
462 (34.2)
889 (65.8)
52 (32.7)
107 (67.3)
114 (47.1)
128 (52.9)
HCF 5 n 5 2 5 (prisons) 10 11 1 6 3 9 11 18 14 16
Time points n (%)
Month 1
Month 2
Month 3
Month 4
Month 5
Month 6
684 (100)
671 (98)
662 (97)
653 (95)
644 (94)
639 (93)
38 (100)
28 (74)
24 (63)
15 (39)
15 (39)
8 (21)
41 (100)
41 (100)
41 (100)
41 (100)
41 (100)
41 (100)
53 (100)
53 (100)
52 (98)
52 (98)
49 (92)
46 (87)
69 (100)
68 (99)
67 (97)
67 (97)
63(91)
57(83)
22 (100)
20 (91)
19 (86)
19 (86)
19 (86)
19 (86)
109 (100)
108 (99)
105 (96)
103 (84)
98 (80)
95 (78)
373 (100)
364 (98)
355 (95)
336 (90)
326 (87)
315 (84)
1161 (100)
1090 (94)
1003 (86)
947 (82)
909 (78)
885 (76)
686 (100)
565 (82)
481 (70)
428 (62)
373 (52)
322 (47)
1351 (100)
1286 (95)
1248 (92)
1204 (89)
1112 (82)
967 (72)
159 (100)
151 (95)
145 (91)
132 (83)
123 (77)
108 (68)
242 (100)
235 (97)
216 (89)
190 (79)
172 (71)
144 (60)
Doses taken manually registered n (%) 3135 (3.6) 3069 (95.1) 0 (0) 9721 (57.2) 3209 (1.9) 0 (0) 6080 (12.2) 0 (0) 28186 (39.4) 76891 (43.0) 2903 (13.6) 4059 (13.1)
Overall average adherence (planned/taken) 90% 81% 80% 80% 81% 81% 82% 84% 84% 88% 86% 87% 87%

1 DAT = digital adherence technology; 2 VOT = video-observed therapy; 3 IQR = interquartile range; 4 y/o = years old; 5 HCF = health care facility.