Table 2.
Univariate analysis for the factors with ocular candidiasis in cases with candidemia.
| Ocular Candidiasis (n = 27) |
(%) | Non-Ocular Candidiasis (n = 81) |
(%) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD | 67.1 ± 11.5 | 68.1 ± 12.8 | 0.63 | ||
| Male | 17 | 62.9% | 54 | 66.6% | 0.72 |
| Underlying diseases | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 18.5% | 31 | 38.2% | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 10 | 37.0% | 36 | 44.4% | 0.50 |
| Chronic heart disease | 5 | 18.5% | 16 | 19.7% | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease stageⅤ | 2 | 7.4% | 9 | 11.1% | 0.72 |
| Liver diseases | 1 | 3.7% | 10 | 12.3% | 0.28 |
| COPD | 1 | 3.7% | 3 | 3.7% | 1.00 |
| Malignancy | 15 | 55.5% | 41 | 50.6% | 0.65 |
| Hematological malignancy | 2 | 7.4% | 12 | 14.8% | 0.51 |
| Solid-organ cancer | 13 | 48.1% | 29 | 35.8% | 0.25 |
| Immunocompromised status | |||||
| Steroid therapy | 4 | 14.8% | 15 | 18.5% | 0.77 |
| Immunosuppressive agent | 1 | 3.7% | 7 | 8.6% | 0.67 |
| Chemotherapy | 9 | 33.3% | 23 | 28.4% | 0.62 |
| Neutropenia | 2 | 7.4% | 7 | 8.6% | 1.00 |
| Radiation therapy | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | 9.8% | 0.19 |
| HIV infection | 1 | 3.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.25 |
| Stem cell transplantation | 1 | 3.7% | 5 | 6.1% | 1.00 |
| Microbiology | |||||
| C. albicans | 18 | 66.7% | 28 | 34.6% | <0.05 |
| C. parapsilosis | 3 | 11.1% | 24 | 29.6% | 0.07 |
| C. glabrata | 3 | 4.0% | 13 | 15.0% | 0.75 |
| C. krusei | 2 | 8.0% | 3 | 3.7% | 0.59 |
| C. tropicalis | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 6.5% | 0.33 |
| C. famata | 2 | 8.0% | 4 | 5.0% | 0.62 |
| Other Candida species | 1 | 3.7% | 5 | 6.1% | 1.00 |
| Polymicrobial fungemia | 2 | 7.4% | 1 | 1.2% | 0.15 |
| Underlying conditions | |||||
| ICU admission | 11 | 40.7% | 31 | 38.2% | 0.81 |
| Surgery | 7 | 25.9% | 29 | 35.8% | 0.34 |
| Abdominal surgery | 2 | 7.4% | 16 | 19.7% | 0.23 |
| Open-heart surgery | 2 | 7.4% | 6 | 7.5% | 1.00 |
| Prior antibiotics exposure | 24 | 88.8% | 59 | 28.8% | 0.08 |
| Prior antifungal exposure | 2 | 7.4% | 14 | 17.2% | 0.34 |
| Indwelling CVC | 23 | 85.1% | 60 | 74.0% | 0.23 |
| unremovable of CVC | 5 | 18.5% | 3 | 3.7% | <0.05 |
| nterval days onset and removal of CVC |
1.1 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 2.6 | |||
| TPN | 17 | 62.9% | 48 | 59.2% | 0.73 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 | 18.5% | 18 | 22.2% | 0.79 |
| Hemodialysis | 4 | 14.8 | 14 | 17.2 | 1.00 |
| Septic shock | 6 | 22.2% | 17 | 20.9% | 0.89 |
| Initial antifungal drugs | |||||
| Azole | 15 | 55.6% | 49 | 60.5% | 0.65 |
| Echinocandin | 9 | 33.3% | 31 | 38.3% | 0.64 |
| L-AMB | 2 | 7.4% | 1 | 1.2% | 0.15 |
| Interval days onset and administering antifungal drugs | 2.8 ± 0.38 | 2.2 ± 0.22 | 0.33 | ||
| Persistent BSI | 11 | 44.0% | 27 | 33.8% | 0.36 |
| (1,3)-β-D-glucan | <0.05 | ||||
| 30-day mortality | 10 | 37.0% | 12 | 14.8% | <0.05 |
SD, standard deviation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU; intensive care unit; CVC, central venous catheter; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; BSI, blood stream infection; L-AMB, liposomal amphotericin B.