Figure 1.

Autoimmunity and immune tolerance induction in dendritic cells. Through the interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) with T cells via major histocompatibility (MHC)-class I or -class II and co-stimulatory receptors and cytokine secretion levels, pro-inflammatory DCs presenting self-antigen can prime CD8+ helper and CD4+ killer T cells, promoting autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection in autoimmunity. However, the DCs in immune tolerance express specific cytokines and receptors, inducing regulatory T cells or anergy. The expanding natural T regulatory cells (nTregs) induce polyclonal activation with IL-2.