Table 4.
Variables associated with a high risk of fracture based on the FRAX with and without BMD and osteoporosis evaluation according to the WHO criteria.
| FRAX with BMD | FRAX without BMD | Osteoporosis (WHO) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.12 (0.99, 1.26) |
0.062 | 1.94 (0.98, 3.86) |
0.058 | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
0.156 |
| Sex (Men) | 0.64 (0.28, 1.47) |
0.293 | 0.87 (0.79, 3.1) |
0.102 | 0.31 (0.01, 1.66) |
0.117 |
| Menopause | 4.36 (1.68, 13.5) |
0.005 * | 5.66 (2.3, 20.5) |
<0.001 * | 10.2 (1.53, 196) |
0.025 * |
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 0.99 (0.09, 3.89) |
0.59 | 0.22 (0.02, 2.75) |
0.24 | 2.4 (0.62, 9.21) |
0.203 |
| HLA-B27 positivity | 4.22 (0.81, 77.8) |
0.171 | 2.89 (0.74, 5.32) |
0.089 | 5.3 (1.07, 15.3) |
0.046 * |
| ESR | 1.2 (0.46, 27.5) |
0.139 | 2.78 (1.01, 4.68) |
0.045 * | 1.27 (0.13, 1.81) |
0.278 |
| CRP | 1.25 (0.89, 1.78) |
0.203 | 3.78 (0.29, 93) |
0.028 * | 1.67 (0.13, 0.96) |
0.041 * |
| Syndesmophyte | 0.22 (0.21, 2.35) |
0.210 | 1.28 (0.17, 4.84) |
0.465 | 1.09 (0.25, 4.63) |
0.913 |
| mSASSS | 0.97 (0.9, 1.04) |
0.344 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) |
0.136 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) |
0.245 |
| Glucocorticoid use | 4.32 (0.59, 31.4) |
0.149 | 1.54 (1.46, 7.5) |
0.02 * | 6.02 (1.36, 26.6) |
0.018 * |
| Biologics use | 1.01 (0.99, 1.12) |
0.059 | 1.34 (0.55, 3.32) | 0.515 | 1.43 (0.33, 6.18) |
0.09 |
| PPI use | 1.3 (0.46, 3.41) |
0.603 | 1.68 (1.07, 4.71) | 0.048 * | 0.35 (0.08, 1.55) |
0.167 |
| Vitamin D use | 0.61 (0.05, 7.17) |
0.692 | 0.3 (0.01,1.02) | 0.051 | 0.45 (0.06, 3.5) |
0.447 |
| Calcium use | 1 (0.12, 8.56) |
0.997 | 0.07 (0, 17.5) | 0.349 | 0.62 (0.1, 3.78) |
0.604 |
FRAX: Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (%, 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and vertebral fracture, respectively, corresponding to patients aged ≥40 years); BMD: bone mineral density; WHO: World Health Organization; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; mSASSS: modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score; PPI: proton pump inhibitor. * p < 0.05.