Table 3.
Crude and overlap propensity score weighted odds ratios of H2 receptor antagonist (ref: nonuser) for esophageal cancer with subgroup analysis by the numbers of GERD episodes.
| Characteristics | N of Esophageal Cancer | N of Control | Odds Ratios for Esophageal Cancer (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure/Total (%) | Exposure/Total (%) | Crude | p | Overlap Weighted Model † | p | |
| Total participants (n = 4055) | ||||||
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Current | 387/811 (47.7) | 493/3244 (15.2) | 5.51 (4.52–6.72) | <0.001 * | 4.34 (3.67–5.14) | <0.001 * |
| Past | 220/811 (27.1) | 1318/3244 (40.6) | 1.17 (0.96–1.44) | 0.128 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.871 |
| Duration of H2RA use (days) | ||||||
| <30 | 344/811 (42.4) | 1133/3244 (34.9) | 2.13 (1.76–2.58) | <0.001 * | 1.91 (1.64–2.21) | <0.001 * |
| 30–90 | 144/811 (17.8) | 394/3244 (12.1) | 2.57 (2.02–3.27) | <0.001 * | 1.93 (1.58–2.35) | <0.001 * |
| ≥90 | 119/811 (14.7) | 284/3244 (8.8) | 2.94 (2.27–3.82) | <0.001 * | 2.09 (1.69–2.59) | <0.001 * |
| GERD = 0 (n = 3304) | ||||||
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Current | 230/507 (45.4) | 379/2797 (13.6) | 5.58 (4.41–7.07) | <0.001 * | 4.74 (3.94–5.72) | <0.001 * |
| Past | 129/507 (25.4) | 1056/2797 (37.8) | 1.12 (0.88–1.44) | 0.358 | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.922 |
| Duration of H2RA use (days) | ||||||
| <30 | 223/507 (44.0) | 946/2797 (33.8) | 2.17 (1.73–2.71) | <0.001 * | 2.00 (1.70–2.35) | <0.001 * |
| 30–90 | 72 /507 (14.2) | 293/2797 (10.5) | 2.26 (1.66–3.08) | <0.001 * | 1.77 (1.41–2.23) | <0.001 * |
| ≥90 | 64 /507 (12.6) | 196/2797 (7.0) | 3.00 (2.16–4.18) | <0.001 * | 2.51 (1.96–3.22) | <0.001 * |
| GERD = 1 (n = 281) | ||||||
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Current | 55/107 (51.4) | 45/174 (25.9) | 1.32 (0.67–2.61) | 0.419 | 1.49 (0.69–3.24) | 0.312 |
| Past | 28/107 (26.2) | 103/174 (59.2) | 0.29 (0.15–0.59) | 0.001 * | 0.28 (0.13–0.62) | 0.002 * |
| Duration of H2RA use (days) | ||||||
| <30 | 50/107 (46.7) | 86/174 (49.4) | 0.63 (0.33–1.21) | 0.167 | 0.71 (0.34–1.46) | 0.350 |
| 30–90 | 20/107 (18.7) | 32/174 (18.4) | 0.68 (0.31–1.49) | 0.332 | 0.80 (0.33–1.98) | 0.635 |
| ≥90 | 13/107 (12.1) | 30/174 (17.2) | 0.47 (0.20–1.10) | 0.083 | 0.53 (0.21–1.38) | 0.196 |
| GERD = 2 (n = 174) | ||||||
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Current | 41/76 (53.9) | 23/98 (23.5) | 2.67 (1.15–6.24) | 0.023 * | 3.22 (0.97–10.66) | 0.056 |
| Past | 21/76 (27.6) | 54/98 (55.1) | 0.58 (0.25–1.36) | 0.210 | 0.56 (0.19–1.65) | 0.292 |
| Duration of H2RA use (days) | ||||||
| <30 | 29/76 (38.2) | 39/98 (39.8) | 1.12 (0.49–2.56) | 0.796 | 0.79 (0.27–2.32) | 0.667 |
| 30–90 | 22/76 (28.9) | 30/98 (30.6) | 1.10 (0.46–2.63) | 0.830 | 1.61 (0.49–5.25) | 0.432 |
| ≥90 | 11/76 (14.5) | 8/98 (8.2) | 2.06 (0.66–6.41) | 0.211 | 2.15 (0.49–9.38) | 0.309 |
| GERD ≥ 3 (n = 296) | ||||||
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Current | 61/121 (50.4%) | 46/175 (26.3) | 1.77 (0.86–3.64) | 0.121 | 1.62 (0.77–3.38) | 0.202 |
| Past | 42/121 (34.7%) | 105/175 (60.0) | 0.53 (0.26–1.08) | 0.082 | 0.57 (0.28–1.18) | 0.131 |
| Duration of H2RA use (days) | ||||||
| <30 | 42/121 (34.7%) | 62/175 (35.4) | 0.90 (0.44–1.87) | 0.783 | 1.32 (0.62–2.79) | 0.467 |
| 30–90 | 30/121 (24.8%) | 39/175 (22.3) | 1.03 (0.47–2.23) | 0.949 | 0.86 (0.38–1.96) | 0.726 |
| ≥90 | 31/121 (25.6%) | 50/175 (28.6) | 0.83 (0.39–1.76) | 0.623 | 0.60 (0.27–1.34) | 0.212 |
Abbreviations: GERD—gastroesophageal reflux disease; N—number; 95% CI—95% confidence interval; H2RA—H2 receptor antagonist. * Significance at p < 0.05. † Adjusted for age, sex, income, region of residence, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, GERD, and H2-receptor antagonist.